15年后，《变形计》里的城市孩子成了网红，农村孩子却回不去了

最近，停播两年的综艺真人秀《变形计》再次被热议。

有网友发现，当年节目中的大多数农村孩子，都走上了命运已经预设好的悲剧之路……

比如，那个青海贫困农村与爷爷相依为命的14岁的女孩尚领兄，最终还是早早结了婚，并生下孩子，后来又被确诊肺癌，在贫寒和病痛中离世，年仅19岁。

与易虎臣互换的小黑，也因先天性遗传糖皮质激素缺乏，离开了这个世界。

农村女孩王红林，在体验一把城市生活后回到农村，巨大的落差让她心态失衡，据说变形后回到家乡因不习惯洗澡没有香皂……

甚至还吵着要回城市里的家，天真地幻想着城市里的爸爸妈妈来接她，结果不胜其烦的城市父母把她拉黑。

还有很多很多农村孩子，早已消失在大众面前，没有人再关心他们的现状。而城市的孩子，在节目过后收获了名气、粉丝和曝光度，继续着他们鲜衣怒马的人生。

比如，创造出“真香梗”的王境泽成了全网红人，到处都是他的表情包。他上了《快乐大本营》以及很多其他节目，微博粉丝多达200万。

沉迷整容的叛逆少女韩安冉，曾在变形生活结束后取出了下巴假体，与家人关系修复。但后来，又开始继续整容，并成了千万级别的网红 。

“不良富二代少年”易虎臣，经过7天变形后变成了热心公益事业的暖心少年，当年就收获百万粉丝，后来开始利用粉丝经济创办了公司，开起了网店，算上是中国第一批网红店店主，然而那时的他，甚至都还未成年……

2014年7月参加变形的“问题少年”李宏毅，节目结束不久后就开始拍起了电视剧。

从客串到配角再到主演，只用了两年多点时间......

节目制作人曾表示：“《变形计》是我们在偏远山区挖到的一剂良药，专门治疗让很多家长失去信心的城市独生子女病。”

只是，节目过后无人问津的农村孩子却成了名副其实的“药渣”！

俗话说，“由俭入奢易，由奢入俭难”，“没见过什么世面”的农村孩子，突然见识过城市孩子色彩浓郁的生活，又要突然回去过苦日子，中间的心理落差，换谁能受得了？

但节目过后，没人关心他们的心理状况，没人在意他们是否还能继续读书，没人注意他们是否还在为吃喝穿发愁……

有网友说，《变形计》不过是另一部《楚门的世界》。

当所有人都按照戏码完成任务后，主人公们短暂相交的轨道注定回归原点，城市的富家孩子越来越容易成功，农村穷人的后代依旧很难翻身……

老规矩，今天的最后一起来读一篇四六级/考研难度的文章：

穷人的后代很难翻身做富人

How poverty passes from generation to generation is now becoming clearer.The answer lies in the effect of stress on two particular parts of the brain。

贫困是怎样代代相传的问题现在已经越来越清楚了。答案就在于压力对大脑两个部分的影响。

Children of the poor underachieve in later life,and thus remain poor themselves,is one of the enduring problems of society。

贫困的儿童在以后的生活里表现不佳，之后便一直贫困，这是一个持续的社会问题。

专八

under·achieve /ˌʌndərəˈtʃiːv/ v.（尤指学习上）未发挥水平，未展现实力to do less well than you could do, especially in school work【例句】Some people might think I've underachieved in my job.有些人可能会认为我的才华在目前的工作中没能充分施展出来。

The crucial breakthrough was made three years ago,when Martha Farah of the University of Pennsylvania showed that the working memories of children who have been raised in poverty have smaller capacities than those of middle-class children。

三年前，这个问题取得到了突破性的进展。宾夕法尼亚大学的马萨·法哈表明，贫困儿童的工作记忆体相比出生中产阶级的儿童要小。

Working memory is the ability to hold bits of information in the brain for current use--the digits of a phone number,for example.It is crucial for comprehending languages,for reading and for solving problems.Entry into the working memory is also a prerequisite for something to be learnt permanently as part of declarative memory--the stuff a person knows explicitly,like the dates of famous battles,rather than what he knows implicitly,like how to ride a bicycle。

工作记忆是能够在大脑中把握信息而用于现实的能力，就像从头脑中调出数字打电话一样。它对语言的理解，阅读和解决问题都至关重要。进入工作记忆也是一个先决条件，它是一种将明确认知变为大脑永久记忆部分的能力，如毫不含糊地记住著名战役的日期而不是他所隐性知道的（内隐记忆），比如如何骑自行车等。

雅思 托福 专八 GMAT GRE

pre·requis·ite /ˌpriːˈrekwəzɪt/n.先决条件；前提；必备条件(formal) something that must exist or happen before sth else can happen or be done 【prerequisite for/of/to sth】Having good credit is a prerequisite to applying for a loan.拥有良好信誉是申请贷款的先决条件。【近义表达】requirement, condition, essential, must, necessity, precondition, qualification

拓展词汇

de·clara·tive /dɪˈklærətɪv/ 陈述的(of a sentence 句子) in the form of a simple statementadjective【例句】“They went to school” is a declarative sentence.“他们去上学了”是一个陈述句。

nce Dr Farah's discovery,Gary Evans and Michelle Schamberg of Cornell University have studied the phenomenon in more detail.As they report in this week's Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,they have found that the reducedcapacity of the memories of the poor is almost certainly the result of stress affecting the way that childish brains develop。

由于法哈博士的这一发现，康奈尔大学的加里·埃文斯和米歇尔·尚博格对此进行了更详细的研究。正如他们在本周美国国家科学院发布的报告，他们发现，由于贫困而致的记忆能力下降几乎可以肯定是影响儿童大脑发育的原因。

四级 考研 雅思 托福 SAT 专四

capacity /kəˈpæsəti/n.（办事、领悟、理解、身体等的）能力 the ability to do something : a mental, emotional, or physical ability【例句】 Does he have the capacity to handle this job?他能胜任这项工作吗？

【近义辨析】gift, genius, aptitude, talent, capacity, capability, faculty, ability, competence都有“能力，才能”的意思，区别是：

gift: 着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领，常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。

genius: 语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。

aptitude: 多指先天或后天习得地运用自如的能力，常暗示接受能力强，能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。

talent: 着重指人某方面具有可发展和培养的突出天赋才能，但语意比genius弱。

capacity: 侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。

capability: 多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。常与of或for连用。

faculty: 指特殊的才能或智力。

ability: 普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。

competence: 正式用词，侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平，达到胜任某项工作等的要求。

Dr Evans's and Dr Schamberg's volunteers were 195 participants in a long-term sociological and medical study that Dr Evans is carrying out in New York state.At the time,the participants were 17 years old.All are white,and the numbers of men and women are about equal。

埃文斯博士和尚博格博士对195名志愿者进行了长期的社会跟踪和医学研究。埃文斯博士负责在纽约州开展调查，参与者都是17岁，全部为白种人，男性和女性的人数大约相等。

To measure the amount of stress an inpidual had suffered over the course of his life,the two researchers used an index known as allostatic load.This is a combination of the values of six variables:diastolic and systolic blood pressure;the concentrations of three stress-related hormones;and the body-mass index,a measure of obesity.For all six,a higher value indicates a more stressful life;and for all six,the values were higher,on average,in poor children than in those who were middle class。

这两位研究人员使用了称为适应负荷的方法来衡量一个人在遭受压力过程中显出的各项指数。它由六个变量构成：舒张压和收缩压;三种与荷尔蒙有关的浓度，体质指数，肥瘦程度。数值越高显示承受越多的生活压力。大体来说，贫困儿童的各项指数要高于那些中产阶级儿童。

Moreover,because Dr Evans's wider study had followed the participants from birth,the two researchers were able to estimate what proportion of each child's life had been spent in poverty.That more precise figure,too,was correlated with the allostatic load。

此外，由于埃文斯博士对参与者从出生开始进行了更广泛的跟踪研究，使得两个研究人员能够依据每个儿童在贫困中度过的时间长短进行衡量，从而更准确地描绘了以此相关的负荷状况。

六级 考研 托福 专八

correlate /ˈkɒrəleɪt/ （使）相互关联if two or more facts, ideas etc correlate or if you correlate them, they are closely connected to each other or one causes the other【correlate with】 Poverty and poor housing correlate with a shorter life expectancy.贫困以及住房条件差和预期寿命较短是有关系的。

The capacity of a 17-year-old's working memory was also correlated with allostatic load.Those who had spent their whole lives in poverty could hold an average of 8.5 items in their memory at any time.Those brought up in a middle-class family could manage 9.4,and those whose economic and social experiences had been mixed were in the middle。

一个17岁大的工作记忆状况同样也与负荷相关。那些一直生活在贫困中的人，记忆体的容量一直在8.5左右，而生活在中产家庭的则可以达到9.4。中间缺失的部分，就是经济的和社会的混合经验。

That stress,and stress alone,is responsible for damaging the working memories of poor children thus looks like a strong hypothesis.It is also backed up by work done on both people and laboratory animals,which shows that stress changes the activity of neurotransmitters,the chemicals that carry signals from one nerve cell to another in the brain.Stress also suppresses the generation of new nerve cells in the brain,and causes the "remodelling" of existing ones.Most significantly of all,it shrinks the volume of the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus.These are the parts of the brain most closely associated with working memory。

压力，只有紧张的压力，才对贫困儿童工作记忆体的损害负有责任。这看似一个强有力的前提。同时也在对人研究和实验动物两个方面得到了验证。这表明，压力会改变神经递质的化学特性，即影响信号从一个神经细胞到另一个神经细胞的传递。还会抑制新的神经细胞在大脑中的产生，并导致现有大脑的“重塑”。最为明显的是，它缩小了前额叶皮质和海马体的体积。而这些地区恰恰与大脑的工作记忆密切相关。

Children with stressed lives,then,find it harder to learn.Put pejoratively,they are stupider.It is not surprising that they do less well at school,end up poor as adults and often visit the same circumstances on their own children。

这些面对生活压力的儿童，学习往往不佳，被人看不起，被当成笨人。所以他们在学校表现差，长大成人后会变为穷人也就不足为奇了，而他们的子女会遭遇到相同的境况。

拓展词汇

end up（尤指经历一系列意外后）最终处于，到头来to be in a particular situation, state, or place after a series of events, especially when you did not plan it【end up doing sth】I ended up doing all the work myself.结果所有的活儿都是我一个人干了。【end up+ adv./prep.】If you go on like this you'll end up in prison.如果你继续这样，早晚得进监狱。【end up+ adj.】If he carries on driving like that, he'll end up dead.如果他继续那样开车，总有一天会把命都丢掉。

Dr Evans's and Dr Schamberg's study does not examine the nature of the stress that the children of the poor are exposed to,but it is now well established that poor adults live stressful lives,and not just for the obvious reason that poverty brings uncertainty about the future.The main reason poor people are stressed is that they are at the bottom ofthe social heap as well as the financial one。

埃文斯博士和尚博格博士的研究没有涉及贫困儿童面临压力的性质，但有一点是确定的，即成年人的贫困生活，会导致未来的不确定性。穷人处于社会地位和经济状况的最底层，这是压力的主要原因。

四级 六级 考研 雅思 托福 专四

be/lie at the bottom of sth是某事的根源（或起因、导火线）；是…的根本原因to be the original cause of sth, especially sth unpleasant【例句】I feel like stubbornness is at the bottom of every unresolved disagreement.我觉得固执是所有未解决分歧的根源。

The Bible says,"the poor you will always have with you". Dr Evans and Dr Schamberg may have provided an important part of the explanation why。

圣经说，“穷人，你将常伴穷困”。也许，埃文斯博士和尚博格博士为此提供了一个重要的解释。

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