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今天我给大家讲的是“下肢深静脉血栓预防小妙招”

下肢深静脉血栓就是由于多种原因导致的静脉血液在下肢深静脉血管中不正常的凝结。常发生于长期卧床患者、肢体制动患者以及大手术或严重创伤后的患者等。

而导致静脉血栓形成的三大因素呢，就是静脉血流滞缓、静脉壁损伤和血液高凝状态，任何一个单一的因素都不足以致病，它是三种因素相互作用，尤其是血流缓慢和血液的高凝状态，才可能引起血栓形成。主要表现为相关静脉远端回流障碍的一些症状。静脉血栓形成很容易理解，就比如说我们家里用的水管系统，如果水管本身的管壁老化、水管里流动的液体因一些沉积物或者是杂质变得粘稠，流动缓慢，这就很容易导致整个水管系统淤滞不畅。下肢深静脉血栓一旦形成，若不及时治疗，会出现的最严重的并发症就是肺栓塞了，它是由于下肢深静脉的血栓脱落，顺着血流进入肺部，进而导致肺栓塞的。

那么，在没有发生下肢深静脉血栓之前，我们应该如何预防呢？

第一，最基本的预防就是日常生活中避免长时间维持同一姿势不动，对于长期卧床的患者，抬高他们的肢体，促进下肢血液回流。定时变换体位，鼓励患者采取坐位或是站立位。

第二，肢体的按摩:从下向上、从小腿远端开始。但若是患者出现下肢深静脉血栓之后是不宜再进行按摩的，同时避免剧烈翻身，防止发生血栓脱落。

第三，进行肢体活动，促进血液循环。①踝泵运动:包括踝关节趾屈、背伸，踝关节旋转。踝关节趾屈、背伸就是放松下肢，向上勾脚，脚尖朝向自己，维持几秒钟，放松。然后再用力向下踩，脚尖向下，维持几秒钟，再放松；踝关节旋转是以踝关节为中心左、右脚向内、外分别画圈做360°环绕。②下肢屈伸。③直腿抬高。

今天的分享到这里就结束了，祝大家身体健康，生活愉快！想要了解更多心血管科普小知识，请关注我们。我们下期再见。

【英文版】

Prevention of deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity

Today I will mainly share with you some tips for prevention of deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity.

Deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity is caused by abnormal coagulation of venous blood in the deep vein of the lower extremity.It often occurs in patients with long-term bedridden, patients with limb immobilization and patients after major surgery or severe trauma and so on.The three major factors that lead to venous thrombosis are the stagnation of venous blood flow, the injury of venous wall and the hypercoagulable state of blood,any single factor among the three factors is not enough to cause disease,and only the interaction of the three factors, especially the slow blood flow and the hypercoagulable state of the blood, can cause thrombosis.It is mainly manifested as the symptoms of related distal venous reflux disorder.Venous thrombosis is easy to understand, similar to the water pipe system used in our family, if the pipe wall of the pipe itself is aging, the liquid flowing in the pipe becomes viscous due to some sediments or impurities,and the flow speed slows down, it is easy to cause the whole water pipe system to be sluggish.Once the deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity is formed, if it is not treated in time, the most serious complication will be pulmonary embolism.When the thrombus of the deep vein of the lower extremity falls off and enters the lung along the blood flow, it may lead to the occurrence of pulmonary embolism.

So, how can we prevent lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis before it happens?

First, the most basic prevention is to avoid staying in the same position for a long time in daily life.

For long-term bedridden patients,raise their limbs to promote blood flow of lower extremity.Patients should change their positions regularly, and they are encouraged to take sitting position or standing position.

Second, massage the limbs, starting from the far end of the leg, from the bottom up.

However, if the patient has been suffered from lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis, he is not suitable to carry on massage,at the same time, the patient should avoid turning over violently to prevent thrombus from falling off.

Third, do some physical activities to promote blood circulation.

The first one is ankle pump movement including ankle flexion, dorsiflexion and rotation.Ankle flexion and dorsiflexion reffers to relaxing the lower limbs, hooking the feet up, with the toes facing themselves, and you can do this for a few seconds before you relax.Then step down hard with tiptoe down for a few seconds and then relax.The rotation of ankle joint is to circle the left and right feet inwards and outwards for 360 ° respectively with the ankle joint as the center.

The second one is flexion and extension of lower limbs.

The third one is straight leg raising.

Today’s sharing is over now,I wish you all a happy life and good health!To learn more knowledge about Coronary heart disease, please pay attention to us.See you next time.