夏天已至，高血压患者如何安然度夏？

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各位朋友，大家好，现在是“每天健康三分钟”时间，我是道简-心血管康复医生集团的医生郑俊博，今天我给大家讲讲夏天已至，高血压患者如何安然度夏？

人体的血压会发生一定规律的波动。人体血压随着四季更替有所变化，通常表现为冬季血压较高，夏季较低。冬季天寒，血管遇冷收缩，加之出汗少，而血管中的血容量不会变化，血压会升高。而夏季炎热，血管扩张，加之出汗较多，血压会偏低一点。因此，高血压患者在服药时，也应根据四季的变化，留心血压的波动情况，在医生的指导下，适当增加或减少药量，绝不要随意停药。

其次，一天24小时内，血压的波动也存在一定的节律性。清晨，人从睡梦中醒来，人的交感神经也开始兴奋起来，心率加快，血压上升。在上午8点～10点及下午4点～6点各有一个高峰，继之缓慢下降，在夜间降至最低，并保持一定水平。

此外，血压的波动还会受到人的情绪、运动、饮食等外界环境因素的影响。必要时可做24小时血压监测来进行判断。

夏季应当如何控制血压？有研究显示，夏季血压与冬季血压存在差异。夏季日间平均血压比冬季低2mmHg左右，在夏季，高血压患者自身血压波动性较大，除非有症状性低血压发生，应避免减少或停用降压药物，不必要的停药会导致血压升高、血压波动增加，增加发生心脑血管事件风险。正因如此，夏季往往是高血压病情加重或并发症高发的季节。

高血压患者到底该如何安然度夏？

1.勤测血压；

2.生活方式改变：低盐低脂饮食，每餐七或八分饱，多食蔬菜，多饮水，戒烟限酒，适量运动，控制体重，保持心情舒畅。

3.遵医嘱科学调整用药。如果高血压患者随意停药，同样会诱发心脑血管疾病而危及生命。由于每个人对血压升高的耐受性不同，用药一定要因人而异，决不可一律照搬别人的经验，套用别人的处方。

治疗原则首选长效降压药，可使24小时内血压保持稳定，能更好地控制夜间血压，长期达标，从而减少心脑血管病的发生，当然也要遵循个体化治疗原则。同时，高血压患者要在医生的指导下科学调整用药。24小时平稳控制血压尤其是夜间血压是夏季血压管理的关键。夏季血压控制比冬季更容易实现，所以夏季高血压患者坚持服用降压药非常重要

最后祝大家生活愉快，身体健康！想了解更多心血管科普小知识，请关注我们，咱们下期见。

【英文版】

How do hypertension patients stay healthy in the summer？

The body's blood pressure fluctuates regularly.It changes with the replacement of the four seasons,and it’s usually manifested as higher blood pressure in winter and lower blood pressure in summer.In cold winter, blood vessels will contract, and people sweat less, while the blood volume in the blood vessels is not change, then blood pressure will rise.However, in hot summer blood vessels will expand, and people sweat more, then blood pressure will be a little lower.

Therefore, hypertension patients taking medicine, should pay attention to the fluctuation of blood pressure according to the changes of the four seasons, and they should increase or reduce the amount of drugs appropriately under the guidance of doctor.Don’t stop taking medicine without permission.

Moreover, the fluctuation of blood pressure also has a certain rhythm within 24 hours a day.In the early morning, people wake up from sleep,the sympathetic nerve begins to excite, heart rate accelerates, and blood pressure rises.Blood pressure has a peak at 8:00-10:00 a.m. and 4:00-6:00 p.m.,then it drops slowly until it's lowest at night and maintains a certain level.

In addition, the fluctuation of blood pressure will also be affected by external environmental factors, such as human emotions, exercise and diet, etc.Blood pressure can be monitored for 24 hours if necessary.

How to control blood pressure in summer?

Studies have shown that there are differences between summer blood pressure and winter blood pressure.The average daytime blood pressure in summer is about 2 mm Hg lower than that in winter,In summer, the blood pressure of patients with hypertension fluctuates greatly,they should avoid reducing or stopping antihypertensive drugs unless symptomatic hypotension occurs,unnecessary drug withdrawal will lead to increased blood pressure and blood pressure fluctuation,and increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Just because of this, summer is often the season of hypertension aggravation or high incidence of complications.

How do hypertension patients stay healthy in summer？

First, measure blood pressure frequently.

Second, change lifestyle. Keep a low salt and low fat diet, seven or eight full per meal,eat more vegetables, drink more water, quit smoking and limit alcohol, moderate exercise, control weight and keep a good mood.

Third, scientific adjustment of medication according to doctor's orders.

If hypertension patients stop drugs without permission, this will also induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and endanger life.As everyone has a different tolerance to elevated blood pressure,medication must vary from person to person,patients must not copy others' experience and apply others' prescription.

The principle of treatment is choosing long-term antihypertensive drugs first.Long-term antihypertensive drugs can maintain blood pressure stability within 24 hours,and it can better control night blood pressure.And then the blood pressure reach the standard level for a long time, thereby reducing the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Of course, the principle of inpidualized treatment should be followed.At the same time, hypertension patients should adjust medication scientifically under the guidance of doctors.Controlling blood pressure smoothly for 24 hours is the key to blood pressure management in summer, especially to keep blood pressure stable at night.

Blood pressure control is easier to achieve in summer than in winter,so it is important for summer hypertensive patients to insist on taking antihypertensive drugs.