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各位朋友，大家好，现在是“每天健康三分钟”时间，我是道简-心血管康复医生集团的护士胡亚婷，今天有我为大家讲一下“高血压是如何引起动脉粥样硬化的”。

患有高血压最大的一个问题，就是会引起动脉粥样硬化。

动脉硬化是一种血管组织失去弹性变脆、血管壁变厚、血管腔变窄的现象，那么高血压是如何引起动脉粥样硬化的呢？

一、高血压促进动脉粥样硬化的形成过程

1、我们的动脉血管分三层：内膜、中层、外膜，我们的血液里都有胆固醇。如果胆固醇进入血管内膜下面，逐渐积累，就形成了动脉粥样斑块。

2、健康人的血管内膜是很严密的，胆固醇很难进入。那么，为啥有人会发生动脉粥样硬化斑块呢？

打个比方：

如果动脉粥样斑块是一碗粥，胆固醇就是熬粥用的米。只有米没有火也不能熬粥，火在哪儿？高血压、糖尿病、吸烟就是火！

单说高血压。所谓高血压，就是血流的压力增高了。比如正常情况下血管里的压力只有120mmHg，高血压病人血管内的压力可以增高到140mmHg以上，甚至会高达200mmHg。这么高的压力，就会把动脉血管内膜损坏。血管内膜损坏、出现小裂口后，胆固醇就会轻松进入血管内膜和血管中层之间了。有火、有米，这碗粥就熬成了。

所以说，高血压病人只控制血压是不够的，还要控制胆固醇。高血脂病人只是降血脂也是不够的，还要好好控制血压。一边断粮，一边灭火，还能熬成粥吗？

二、动脉粥样硬化的危害

动脉粥样硬化一旦形成，就相当于橡皮管弹性变差了，无法像以前一样很好地缓冲压力，血压就会越来越高，甚至造成血管破裂出血。倘若因为血管堵塞无法通过足够的血液，就会引起大脑疾病（如脑梗塞、脑溢血等）和心脏疾病（如心肌梗死和冠心病等）、肾脏疾病等。

提醒没有高血压的朋友们，请拒绝高盐高脂饮食，加强锻炼，防患于未然；如果已经得了高血压，应听从医生或药师建议，调整生活习惯，必要时以药物控制。

最后祝大家生活愉快，身体健康！想了解更多心血管科普小知识，请关注我们

【英文版】

How does hypertension cause atherosclerosis？

Dear friends, nice to meet you!Now it is time for “Health talk for three minutes every day”,My name is Hu Yating, a nurse of Daojian Doctor Group of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation.Today I will mainly introduce how does hypertension cause atherosclerosis.

The most serious complication of hypertension is atherosclerosis.

Arteriosclerosis is a kind of phenomenon that the vascular tissue loses elasticity and becomes brittle, the vascular wall thickens and the vascular lumen narrows。So, how does hypertension cause atherosclerosis?

First, hypertension promotes the formation of atherosclerosis.

One, our arterial vessels have three layers, the intima, the middle layer and the outer membrane, and there is cholesterol in our blood.If cholesterol enters the intima of blood vessels and accumulates gradually, then atherosclerotic plaques can be formed.

Two, a healthy people's intima is very tight, and cholesterol is difficult to enter.So why do some people develop atherosclerotic plaques?

For example,

If the atherosclerotic plaque is a bowl of porridge,and cholesterol is the rice for porridge. Only rice can not cook boil porridge if there is no fire, what is the fire in this metaphor? Hypertension, diabetes and smoking are fire.

Here we're talking about hypertension.The so-called hypertension refers to the increase in blood pressure.For example, the pressure in the blood vessels is only 120 mmHg under normal conditions,and the pressure of hypertensive patients can increase to more than 140 mmHg,or even up to 200 mmHg.This high pressure will damage the intima of arteries. When the intima is damaged and a small fissure occurs,cholesterol can easily enter the part between the intima and the middle layer of the vessel. then this bowl of porridge could be cooked with fire and rice.

Therefore, it's not enough for hypertensive patients to control their blood pressure only, cholesterol also needs to be controlled.It is not enough for patients with hyperlipidemia to just reduce blood fat, but also to control blood pressure.Can we cook porridge while we run out of food or fire?

Second, the harm of atherosclerosis.

Once the atherosclerosis is formed, it's equivalent to a rubber tube with poor elasticity,and it can not buffer the pressure as well as before,then the blood pressure will become higher and higher, and even cause blood vessel rupture and bleeding.If blood vessels cannot pass through enough blood, it will cause brain diseases (such as cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, etc.), heart diseases (such as myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease), kidney diseases, etc

Remind friends without hypertension,please refuse high salt and high fat diet, strengthen exercise, and prevent trouble in the early stages.If you've got hypertension,please follow the advice of a doctor or pharmacist, adjust your living habits, and control with drugs if necessary.

Finally, I wish you all a happy life and good health!To learn more knowledge about cardiovascular disease, please pay attention to us.See you next time.