心肌缺血的易感人群和预防

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各位朋友，大家好，现在是“每天健康三分钟”时间，我是道简-心血管康复医生集团的医生郑俊博，今天我给大家讲讲的易感人群和预防.

心肌缺血是一种比较严重的心脏疾病，如果不能及时得到治疗，就可能有生命危险，因此我们应该及早预防。在这里就介绍一下心肌缺血的易感人群有哪些。

第一种：年龄在40岁以上的中年男性，以及处于更年期之后的老年女性人群，这两种都是容易出现心肌缺血的易感人群。

第二种：高血压疾病患者、高血脂疾病患者、糖尿病患者以及肥胖人士，身体同时伴有这些诱发冠心病危险因素的人更容易发生心肌缺血性胸痛。

第三种：家族中有患过心脑血管疾病的人，如果父亲在55岁之前或者是母亲在65岁之前患上了冠心病，那么他们的子女中，会患上冠心病的概率就明显增大，发生心肌缺血性胸痛的危险性也就越大。除了以上三种人群外，我们在多年的临床中，还遇到一类心理、情绪性心肌缺血的病人也非常多。这类人群，往往是工作压力大，或者生活中常常有不顺心的事情，情绪长期压抑。其特点是：压抑性或者多疑、敏感、激动、急躁、攻击性性格人群。

心肌缺血的预防：

1、合理饮食：粗细粮合理搭配，应以低脂饮食为主，摄取过量高脂肪食物可使血脂浓度突然上升，使血黏稠度增加，血小板聚集性增高，加重心肌缺血症状。

2、劳逸适度：体力消耗后应躺着或稍微抬起双腿坐着进行多次的休息，每次在二十分钟左右，上班久坐的办公室人群，应该从桌旁站起来数次，每次3-5分钟。

3、睡眠充足：一天的睡眠不应少于7-8小时。

4、注意气候变化：天气炎热人的代谢水平较高，加之大量出汗，血液黏稠，容易导致心肌缺血的发生，要特别注意补充足够的水分，冬季则应适时增添衣物，注意保暖。

5、积极治疗原有疾病：高血压、高血脂、糖尿病是导致心肌缺血的主要原因，已确诊的患者应在医生指导下合理选用有效的降压、降脂、降糖药物。

6、按时进行体检：三高疾病的人群，需要按时进行测量血压、检查血脂、测试血糖，有条件者的人群，最好要定期检查心电图，以及24小时动态心电图、运动试验、超声心动图检查，发现异常及早治疗。

最后祝大家生活愉快，身体健康！想了解更多心血管科普小知识，请关注我们，咱们下期见。

【英文版】

Susceptible population and prevention of myocardial ischemia

Dear friends, nice to meet you!Now it is time for “Health talk for three minutes every day”,My name is Zheng Junbo, a doctor of Daojian Doctor Group of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation.Today I will mainly introduce the susceptible population and prevention of myocardial ischemia.

Myocardial ischemia is a serious heart disease, if it can not be treated in time,the patient's life could be in danger,so we should prevent it early. Here is a brief introduction to the susceptible population of myocardial ischemia.

First: the middle-aged men over 40 years old, and the older women after menopause, they both are prone to myocardial ischemia.

Second, for patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and obesity,they are more likely to develop myocardial ischemic chest pain as these accompanied risk factors for coronary heart disease.

Third, people with family history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. If one’s father develops coronary heart disease before 55 years old or the mother before 65 years old,so the risk of coronary heart disease in their children is significantly higher,And the risk of myocardial ischemic chest pain is also greater .

In addition to these three groups,We also have a large number of patients with psychological and emotional myocardial ischemia over the years in clinical practice .These people are often depressed in their work or life for a long time..and they are characterized by depressive or suspicious, sensitive, excited, irritable and aggressive personality.

Prevention of myocardial ischemia.

First, reasonable diet.The coarse and fine grain needs to be properly matched,and the diet should be low fat,excessive intake of high-fat foods can cause a sudden rise in blood lipid levels,make blood viscosity increase, platelet aggregation rise, and aggravate myocardial ischemia symptoms.

Second, moderation of work and rest.You should lie down or slightly lift your legs to sit for a number of rest after physical exertion，each time for about 20 minutes，A sedentary office crowd should stand up several times from the table, each time for 3-5 minutes.

Third, adequate sleep. The sleep time of a day should not be less than 7 to 8 hours.

Fourth, pay attention to the climate change.In hot days, the people's metabolic level is high，coupled with a large amount of sweating and blood sticky, this can easily lead to myocardial ischemia, you should pay special attention to replenish enough water,In winter, pay attention to adding clothing timely and keep warm.

Fifth, active treatment of the original diseases.Hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes are the main causes of myocardial ischemia, the patients who have been diagnosed should reasonably choose effective antihypertensive, lipid-lowering and hypoglycemic drugs under the guidance of a doctor.

Sixth, physical examination on time.People with three high diseases need to measure blood pressure, check blood lipids and test blood sugar on time. It is better to check the electrocardiogram regularly for those who have conditions,as well as 24-hour dynamic electrocardiogram, exercise test and echocardiography examination, so they can early treatment if abnormal.

Finally, I wish you all a happy life and good health! To learn more knowledge about cardiovascular disease, please pay attention to us.See you next time.