全球人口破80亿,有人提出“人类灭绝计划”

#英文外刊#​

11月15日,联合国宣布全球人口达到80亿。这个数字究竟是多是少,这到底是好事还是坏事,一时间众说纷纭。而其中有一种观点,十分耸人听闻。莱斯·奈特提出,人类应当放弃繁殖,逐步实现“自愿性灭绝”。他还专门发起了“人类自愿灭绝运动”。他为什么会提出这样的观点?人口过剩给地球带来了哪些挑战?一起来听今天的讲解。


Earth Now Has 8 Billion Humans. This Man Wishes There Were None.

如今全球人口已达80亿,而这个人却希望地球空无一人


Les Knight, 75, is the founder of the Voluntary Human Extinction movement. Mr. Knight added the word "voluntary" decades ago to make it clear that adherents do not support mass murder or forced birth control, nor do they encourage suicide. Their ethos is echoed in their motto, "May we live long and die out."

现年75岁的莱斯·奈特(Les Knight)是“人类自愿灭绝”运动的创始人。几十年前,奈特先生在这项运动的名称中加入了“自愿”一词,以此来表明其拥护者既不支持大规模谋杀或强制节育,也不鼓励自杀。他们的理念就体现在组织口号中:“愿我们长命百岁,然后走向灭亡。”

On Nov. 15, the Earth became home to a record eight billion human beings. Despite declining birthrates, the number is forecast to peak at 10.4 billion in the coming decades, in large part because of increases in life expectancy and decreases in child mortality.

11月15日,全球总人口达到80亿,创下新纪录。尽管生育率持续走低,但世界人口仍将维持上涨的态势,预计在未来几十年会达到104亿的峰值。这在很大程度上是因为人类预期寿命延长和儿童死亡率下降。

Stephanie Feldstein, director of population and sustainability at the Center for Biological Diversity, said while greater human longevity and health were good things, they have come at a cost to other living things on the planet.

生物多样性中心人口与可持续发展部主任斯蒂芬妮·费尔德斯坦(Stephanie Feldstein)表示,虽然人类寿命的延长和健康水平的提高都是好事,但这也让地球上的其他生物付出了代价。

As the human population doubled in the last half century, wildlife populations declined by 70 percent. Surges in the human population would put increasing pressure on dwindling natural resources and the intricate web of animals, birds and plants that depend on them.

在过去的半个世纪,全球人口数量翻了一番,而野生动物的数量却减少了70%。人口激增会给日益枯竭的自然资源,以及依赖着这些资源的动物、鸟类和植物交织形成的复杂网络,带来越来越沉重的压力。

Mr. Knight says that despite our many achievements, humans are a net detriment to the Earth. His beliefs were rooted in deep ecology, which challenges assumptions of human dominance and argues that other species are just as significant.

奈特先生表示,虽然人类取得了很多成就,但是人类对地球来说仍然是个“净损害”。他的理念植根于深层生态学,而这种学说质疑“人类是地球主宰”的假设,并认为其他物种也同样重要。

"People mention music and art and literature and the great things that we have done," he continued. "I don't think the whales will miss our songs."

“人们总是对音乐、艺术、文学以及人类的其他成就津津乐道,”他继续说道,“但我不觉得鲸鱼会怀念我们人类的歌曲。”

生词好句

1.wish (there were) ...

希望......(虚拟语气)

拓展:

I wish I had his mobile phone number.

我要是有他的电话号码就好了。

I wish you hadn't told me how the film ends.

你要是没有跟我剧透那部电影的结局就好了。

2.extinction

英 [ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn] 美 [ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn]

n. 灭绝,绝种

拓展:

on the verge of extinction 濒临灭绝

face extinction 面临灭绝

in danger of extinction 有绝种的危险

be threatened with extinction 受到灭绝的威胁

extinct adj. 灭绝的

Dinosaurs became extinct millions of years ago.

恐龙在几百万年前就灭绝了。

3.voluntary

英 [ˈvɒləntri] 美 [ˈvɑːlənteri]

adj. 自愿的,志愿的

拓展:

volunteer n. 志愿者;v. 自愿/主动做......

He volunteered when the community was short of helpers.

当社区缺人手时,他主动帮了忙。

Attendance on the course is purely voluntary.

听这门课纯粹是自愿的。

4.make it clear that...

把......弄清楚(make something clear)

拓展:

How can you make the meaning clearer?

怎样才能把意思说得更清楚呢?

Make it clear that you will not take sides.

请明确表示你不会偏袒任何一方。

5.adherent

英 [ədˈhɪərənt] 美 [ədˈhɪrənt]

n. 信徒,追随者,拥护者

拓展:

adhere v. 黏附,附着

6.ethos

英 [ˈiːθɒs] 美 [ˈiːθɑːs]

n. 观念,理念,精神特质

拓展:

working-class ethos 工人阶级的观念

comfort-first ethos 舒适第一的理念

7.echo

英 [ˈekəʊ] 美 [ˈekoʊ]

v. 回响,回荡

拓展:

Their voices echoed through the cave.

他们的声音在山洞里回荡。

The street echoed with the cries of children.

街上回荡着孩子的哭声。

8.became home to …

成为......的居住地

拓展:

make somebody feel at home 使......感到像在家一样舒适自在

We like to make our customers feel at home.

我们想让顾客感到宾至如归。

9.despite

英 [dɪˈspaɪt] 美 [dɪˈspaɪt]

prep. 尽管(in spite of)

拓展:

I still enjoyed the week despite the weather.

尽管天公不作美,我周末还是过得很开心。

10.declining

英 [dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ] 美 [dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ]

adj. 越来越低的

拓展:

decline v. 下降,减少

11.forecast

英 [ˈfɔːkɑːst] 美 [ˈfɔːrkæst]

v. 预测

拓展:

过去式:forecast或forecasted

过去分词:forecast或forecasted

be forecast ... 被预测会......

Wind and rain has been forecast for this weekend.

天气预报本周末会刮风下雨。

12.peak

英 [piːk] 美 [piːk]

v. 达到顶峰,达到最大值;n. 山峰,巅峰

拓展:

mountain peak 山峰

at the peak of one’s career 某人处于事业的巅峰

13.longevity

英 [lɒnˈdʒevəti] 美 [lɑːnˈdʒevəti]

n. 长寿,持久

拓展:

We wish you health and longevity.

我们祝您健康长寿。

the longevity of an athlete’s career

运动员职业生涯的持久

14.at a cost to somebody

对......来说有代价/损害(at cost to somebody)

拓展:

He worked non-stop for three months, at considerable cost to his health.

他连续不断地工作了三个月,极大地损害了自己的身体健康。

15.double

英 [ˈdʌbl] 美 [ˈdʌbl]

v. 翻倍,成为两倍

拓展:

Company profits have doubled since the introduction of new technology.

自从引进新技术以来,公司利润翻了一番。

Output should triple by next year.

到明年产量应增至三倍。

The shares have halved in value.

股价已经跌了一半。

16.surge

英 [sɜːdʒ] 美 [sɜrdʒ]

n. 激增

拓展:

a surge in/of food costs 食品价格的猛涨

17.dwindle

英 [ˈdwɪndl] 美 [ˈdwɪndl]

v. (逐渐)减小,降低,减少

18.intricate

英 [ˈɪntrɪkət] 美 [ˈɪntrɪkət]

adj. 错综复杂的

拓展:

The tiled floor is installed in an intricate pattern.

地上铺地瓷砖图案错综复杂。

Police officers uncovered an intricate web of deceit.

警察揭穿了一个错综复杂的骗局。

19.net

英 [net] 美 [net]

adj. 净得的,纯的

拓展:

net weight 净重

net income 净收入

20.detriment

英 [ˈdetrɪmənt] 美 [ˈdetrəmənt]

n. (正式)损伤,损害

拓展:

She was very involved with sports at college, to the detriment of her studies.

她在大学里非常热衷于体育运动,结果影响了学习。

21.deep ecology

深层生态学

拓展:

一种环境哲学,站在非人类为中心的角度,重新看待世上所有生物的价值,打破长久以来人类对生命的价值观。它提倡要重视所有生物的内在价值,而不仅仅考虑它们能如何满足人类需求、具有何种工具效用,并根据这种思想重构现代人类社会。

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页面更新:2024-03-25

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