Safdie Architects 重庆来福士

工程挑战/Engineering Challenges

规模巨大又十分复杂的重庆来福士项目仅耗时8年便拔地而起，离不开精巧的建筑设计和完美的建造技术。以水晶连廊（The Crystal）的施工为例，它的巨大挑战源于在极为有限的场地内进行精准施工和无缝后勤。整个连廊结构横跨四栋塔楼，被分为9个部分：其中连接塔楼的3段在地面组装完成后，再利用液压千斤顶分别提升到位；塔楼上方的4段以及两端的露台部分，均在楼顶组装完成。同时，为避免在250米高空处安装底部的幕墙，施工人员先在山城花园平台处预装完系统，再将其吊升至最终位置。

Delivered in only eight years, from initial concept to opening day, the scale and complexity of the development required careful planning and construction ingenuity. The construction of the Crystal, for example, was an immense challenge, requiring both technical and logistical precision within a severely constrained site. The horizontal structure of the Crystal was pided into nine segments for construction. The three segments spanning between the towers were pre-assembled on the podium roof and inpidually lifted into place using cable jacks. The four segments above the towers and the two cantilevered sections at each end were built in-situ, including the two glass-floored observatory decks at either end of the structure. To avoid having to install 5,000 inpidual metal panels on the underside of the Crystal at 250m above the ground, the cladding of the underbelly was also panelized and pre-assembled on the podium roof before being hoisted into position and secured to the primary structure.

由于横跨四栋塔楼，水晶连廊的抗震、隔震与消能减震设计显得至关重要。为了实现最佳效果，水晶连廊被安放在四个支撑塔的轴承垫上，由电子传感器监控的大型液压阻尼器系统控制运动。同时，连接两栋最高塔楼的两座桥架与水晶连廊呈悬臂式排列，两者接口处的连接亦是十分精密。

Raffles City Chongqing has been designed to address all required seismic codes. The Crystal has been designed to accommodate seismic movement with its placement on friction bearing pads anchored to the four supporting towers. Movement is controlled by a system of large-scale hydraulic dampers and monitored by electronic sensors. The two link bridges that connect to the two tallest towers are cantilevered from the Crystal, with carefully detailed movement joints where the bridge and towers connect.

此外，两江交汇的独特地理位置也给施工带来了重大挑战。每年汛期（7月至9月），建筑基底往往低于洪水水位。于是，施工团队刻意避开洪水季节，仅用9个月就拆除了原有的沿江道路（这些道路在挖掘期间起到了天然的防洪屏障作用），完成约2,700多个桩基，并筑起了永久性的坚固防洪挡墙。在2020年8月，重庆长江寸滩水文站监测到新中国成立以来最高洪水位，正因为有了坚固的防洪挡墙，重庆来福士在洪峰过境期间全部正常运营。

The unique site location at the confluence of the two rivers also presented major challenges during construction and beyond. Racing against the annual flood season (July–September) when the flooding often rises above the basement levels, the crews had barely 9 months to demolish the existing coastal roads which acted as a natural flood barrier during excavation. In this time, they also had to complete more than 2,700 piles and build up the permanent reinforced concrete perimeter floodwall. In August 2020, the flood management system was tested when heavy rains raised water levels of the Yangtze River to near-record highs, with flooding in the region characterized as a 100-year flood. As a result of the careful planning, design and execution, the development survived the wide-spread flooding and Raffles City Chongqing was able to remain open.

水晶连廊/The Crystal

这座被誉为世界最高横向摩天楼的“水晶连廊”，位于250米高空、长300米 、室内面积超过10,000平方米，横跨四座塔楼，功能为重庆来福士的配套设施。2020年5月，水晶连廊的观景台部分正式向公众开放，在室外悬挑玻璃观景台上，观者可以饱览嘉陵江与长江交汇的胜景。重庆来福士水晶连廊还包括空中花园餐厅及酒吧、配有无边泳池的俱乐部，以及酒店大堂等。

At a height of 250m, the Crystal is a fully programmed horizontal skyscraper housing over 10,000 sq. m. of amenities that draws the public into the upper levels of the development. In May 2020, the Crystal’s observatory garden and viewing platform opened to the public with a glass-bottom, cantilevered, open-air viewing deck. The 300m-long structure features amenities that include dining, bar and event spaces, a hotel lobby, and a members-only clubhouse with a 50m-long infinity pool.

总重量达12,000吨的水晶连廊，由钢结构桁架及幕墙围合而成，外观类似手风琴的折叠造型，一体化幕墙则由3,000块玻璃和5,000块铝板组成。在重庆变化多端的气候条件下，水晶连廊可以全年开放，得益于水晶连廊的手风琴折叠结构——折叠结构西侧部分为金属板，东侧为透明玻璃，这样既可以充分享受自然光照，同时又可减轻西晒。水晶连廊的室内温度全天都在这个特殊的遮阳系统的帮助下得到相应的调节。

Weighing 12,000 tons and enclosed by a concertina structural frame with an integrated curtainwall comprised of 3,000 pieces of glass and 5,000 aluminum panels, the Crystal’s gardens and amenities are open to visitors year-round, despite the region’s extreme climatic range. Metal panels on the west-facing surfaces and glass on the east-facing surfaces afford guests and visitors natural light in the morning and shade from the sun in the afternoon. Throughout the day, internal temperatures are regulated with the help of a shading system that can be tuned depending on external climate conditions.

塔楼/Towers

重庆来福士总共由8栋塔楼组成，其中南侧的6栋塔楼高250米，而北侧的两栋塔楼高达350米。整个项目成为重庆充满活力的天际线的新坐标，其北侧塔楼曲线的造型像远航的风帆，弧形的水晶连廊则与拱形的朝天门遥相呼应，共同唤醒了重庆积淀丰富的航运文化。

Adding a new icon to the dynamic city skyline, Raffles City Chongqing is composed of eight towers in total, with six southern towers rising to 250m and two northern towers to 350m. The design evokes the city’s rich maritime history with the north elevation of the towers curved to recall the silhouette of an armada’s sails and the crossbeam of the horizontal sky conservatory echoing the arch of the historic Chaotianmen city gate.

功能上，5栋塔楼是纯住宅，其中包括一栋350米的北侧塔楼，目前为中国最高的住宅建筑。另一栋350米的北侧塔楼为综合体——水晶连廊所在高度以下部分为办公楼，以上为酒店。其余两栋塔楼一栋是纯办公楼，另一栋是办公和高端服务式公寓混合用途的综合性塔楼。所有塔楼的北面均安装了“风帆”形状的屏风构件，与“朝天扬帆”的整体外立面达成统一造型的同时，也为在这里生活和工作的业主以及酒店客人提供了遮阳的功能。

Five towers are dedicated for residential use, including one of the northern towers, making it the tallest residential building in China. The second 350m-tall tower houses office space up to the level of the skybridge, where it then transitions to a hotel. The remaining towers include a dedicated office tower and one mixed-use tower, with offices and serviced apartments. The north side of the towers features a “sail” screen that provides uniformity to the façade while serving as a shade for the residents, office workers and hotel guests.

裙楼顶部：一个崭新的城市公共花园/A New Public Park

依傍山城的天然地势，建筑师在购物中心裙楼顶部为该区域打造出一座逾30,000平米的大型户外公共花园（规模略大于纽约麦迪逊公园）——山城花园，如同一片城市绿肺，俯瞰着朝天门广场。楼顶公园绿意盎然、空间开阔，还有专属订制艺术雕塑点缀着公共空间，其中包括了中国当代艺术家郑路和焦兴涛的作品。

The retail podium is topped with ‘Gateway Park,’ an expansive public park overlooking Chaotianmen Square. The new park provides the district with over 30,000 sq. m. of public spaces—equivalent to an area slightly larger than New York City’s Madison Square Park. The design of Gateway Park, which takes inspiration from the city’s hilly terrain, comprises a network of green and open spaces that also feature public art commissions, including sculptures by Chinese artists Zheng Lu and Jian Xingtao, and a series of water features, including interactive fountains and pools along the public path from the city streets to the upper plaza, overlooking the Square.

裙楼购物中心/Retail Podium

为了给到访者足够的方位感和乐趣，重庆来福士五层购物中心提供了三大主题空间走廊，分别汲取江水的颜色做为其辨别标识（其中靠近西侧嘉陵江为浅色调，靠东面长江一侧为暖色调，中间一条走廊为白色），同时与城市南北向主干道保持平行，成为城市街道在购物中心内部空间的延伸。购物中心的街道也合理布局于8栋塔楼间，可以从商业裙楼通往朝天门广场。三条主题走廊的顶部均设置了大量的天窗，增加了充沛的自然采光。另设两条东西向人行走廊与裙楼相垂直，分别导向嘉陵江和长江的风景。购物中心空间走廊纵横分明的格局，配合空间节点处的服务设施，为访客在这个235,000平米、重庆最大之一的购物中心里自由穿梭提供了方向感和便利。

To provide a sense of orientation with the surrounding city, the three main gallerias of the mall align with and are a conceptual continuation of the principal north-south streets of the city. Set between the towers, the gallerias create logical interior ‘streets’ that run through the retail podium towards Chaotianmen Square. Each of these interior streets are generously endowed with natural light from continuous skylights that offer views of the towers above. Two additional gallerias run east to west and provide visitors with views towards the Jialing and Yangtze Rivers. This system of gallerias, punctuated by the nodes at their intersection, allows visitors to orient themselves within the 235,000 sq. m. mall, which is one of the city’s largest.

购物中心开业时，商户开业率在95%左右，其中包括CGV影院全球旗舰店、苏宁极物西南旗舰店、可以玩的博物馆卡通尼以及Olé精品超市等。据报道，2019年9月在购物中心开幕的三天时间，共有900,000人次到访，之后日均客流量基本保持在约100,000左右。

The Raffles City Shopping Mall opened with 95% committed occupancy and anchor tenants including leading movie theater chain CGV, online-to-offline retail store Jiwu by Suning, interactive play museum Cartoony, and Ole gourmet supermarket. The mall reported strong shopper traffic of over 900,000 people during its opening weekend in September 2019, with sustained average daily shopper traffic of about 100,000 visitors in the months after.

室内设计/Interior Design

萨夫迪建筑事务所以“延续和连接山城风韵”为整体设计理念来打造重庆来福士，并且跟所有参与的专业室内设计公司密切合作，将这一理念贯穿于建筑设计和室内公共空间设计的细节当中。

Safdie Architects worked closely with each of the specialty interior design firms to ensure that the overall design vision for the project—creating a sense of continuity and connection to the unique landscape and urban character of Chongqing—came through in the design and detailing of the interior public spaces.

连接山城/Connectivity to Chongqing

重庆来福士以设计为引擎，以新增的人行道和公共交通设施，为周边居民、来访游客和公众，提供了从解放碑区域至朝天门广场之间进一步顺畅的连接与沟通。

Raffles City Chongqing incorporates design elements that enhance the connectivity between the downtown Jiefangbei area and historic Chaotianmen Square. These new features, including new pedestrian accessways and public transportation facilities, bring a new sense of connectivity to the surrounding city for residents, visitors and the public.

除了增加一个集地铁、公交和轮渡于一体的综合交通枢纽外，设计团队还创造性地在原有道路网络上植入交通分流系统来进一步增加该场地的通达性。如此一来，该系统既能连接上层的道路，又能连接场地附近的下层滨江路，无形中消弭了30米的道路落差。

In addition to a new transit hub that includes subway, bus and ferry terminals access, an innovative traffic persion system was implemented and integrated directly into the existing road system to further improve site accessibility. The system connects roads from the upper city to the lower-elevation waterfront surrounding the development, navigating a 30m drop across the site.

该设计还特别关注了整个场地及其周边区域人行道路的便利性。裙楼顶部山城花园与该区地势较高的街道保持平行，又经由直梯与朝天门广场相连，层层叠叠，让人不禁联想到山城特有的山地地形。这条崭新的公共步道全天候的将行人迎向分布于五层的购物中心，又于起承转合间通过一座人行天桥直达朝天门广场。此外，嘉滨路和长滨路两条沿江公路的人行步道也由原先的3米拓宽至7米，有效提升了行人流动的效率。

The design also pays special attention to pedestrian accessibility throughout the site and its surrounding area. Gateway Park at the podium level is accessed directly from the district’s higher elevation streets and connects to a straight staircase, reminiscent of the terraced stairs that are characteristic of the city, to provide a pedestrian link between the upper city and Chaotianmen Square. This new public walkway cuts through the five levels of the retail mall and connects to the Square. A second exterior stair has also been designed to recall the historic stairways of old Chongqing, further enhancing the connections between Chaotianmen Square and the surrounding city. To further improve the area’s pedestrian infrastructure, walkways along the Jiabin and Changbin riverfront roadways were also widened from 3m to 7m.

可持续性/Sustainability

重庆来福士的综合性考量不仅体现在完美的项目开发上，也反映在它对独特的在地环境关系的处理中。其中，雨水管理系统和楼宇管理系统的应用，在大幅度提升效率的同时，通过监控设备实现了能耗的降低。相较于标准系统，该项目的区域制冷和供热系统节省了大量能源成本。

The design of the building systems at Raffles City Chongqing integrate the latest technologies that contribute greatly to the improved overall performance of the development, while responding to the unique environmental stressors of its site. Raffles City Chongqing features a rainwater management system, as well as a building management system, that monitors and controls equipment to substantially reduce energy and resource consumption, while the development’s district cooling and heating system produces an additional energy cost savings over standard systems.

作为山城最大的城市开发项目，重庆来福士项目以其卓越的环保设计理念一举赢得了美国绿色建筑委员会颁发的LEED金奖预认证殊荣。

Raffles City Chongqing is the city’s largest development in western China to receive the LEED-CS (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design - Core & Shell) pre-certification at the Gold Level by the United States Green Building Council (USGBC).

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