美国建筑实录中的福州茶馆

《建筑实录》2021年6月刊

Architectural Record, June 2021 Issue

由如恩设计的福州茶馆荣登世界权威建筑设计杂志《建筑实录》（Architectural Record）2021年6月期刊。拥有130年历史的美国《建筑实录》被认为是建筑史的“记录”，亦是美国建筑师学会（American Institute of Architects, AIA）的指定建筑读物。此次，《建筑实录》邀请著名建筑设计策展人陈伯康对如恩的最新作品——福州茶馆进行了实地探访与报道。

Fuzhou Teahouse by Neri&Hu is featured in the June 2021 issue of Architectural Record, one of the most authoritative architectural design magazines in the world. With a history of 130 years, Architectural Record is considered to be the "record" of architectural history, and is also designated as a magazine by the American Institute of Architects (AIA). For its June 2021 issue, Architectural Record invited Aric Chen to visit and write a feature article on Neri&Hu's latest project, Fuzhou Teahouse in China.

关于作者

About the author

陈伯康 Aric Chen

陈伯康出生、成长于美国，为荷兰国家建筑、设计和数字文化遗产机构HNI新研究所新任总监、艺术总监。身为策展人、教授、作家的陈伯康，在世界多地文化机构担任创意要职，如：香港M+博物馆设计与建筑首席策展人、迈阿密设计周（巴塞尔及迈阿密海滩）策展总监等。

Born and raised in the United States, Aric Chen is the new-appointed General and Artistic Director at Het Nieuwe Instituut. Chen is a curator, professor, writer and creative director who has served in multiple leadership roles, like the Lead Curator for Design and Architecture at M+ Museum in Hong Kong and the Curatorial Director of the Design Miami in Basel and Miami Beach.

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如恩在中国的南方城市福州设计了一座现代茶馆，将一座古代木结构包裹其中。建筑以夯砼为主要设计材料。铜制的三角屋顶，让观者从外部难以直接窥探到建筑内的全貌。木结构犹如一片精雕细刻的森林，映照于室内空间的阴影中时，斑驳的自然光影绰约可见。

摄影：陈颢 Photo by Hao CHEN

In Fuzhou, China, a modern teahouse by Neri&Hu embraces an ancient structure within. The roofline, with its three wide gables, gives only a hint of what lies within the rammed-earth and copper-clad building recently completed by Shanghai-based Neri&Hu in the southern Chinese city of Fuzhou. But, inside, a Qing-dynasty (1644-1912) timber structure – once framing the house of a high-ranking official – stands like a forest of richly carved wood, dappled by natural illumination as it emerges from the shadows of the interior.

摄影：陈颢 Photo by Hao CHEN

在福州茶馆的设计意象中，精心编排的步道、泛着波澜的水池、洒落在木雕和深灰色水磨石地面上的一道道光束，营造出只有置身其中才能拥有的独特体验。从古代木结构出发，如恩成功地打造出令人惊叹的建筑氛围。

The name the architects have given the project – Relic Shelter – indicates its intended effect. The building's carefully choreographed pathways, rippling water features, and shafts of light washing wood carvings and dark gray terrazzo floors serve as a high-polish exercise in creating an architectural aura around the striking historic construction.

摄影：陈颢 Photo by Hao CHEN

福州茶馆位于福州老城区，四周是一座座混凝土住宅高楼与城市绿化道。在这样的城市环境下，福州茶馆的存在格外引人注目。红色夯砼基座的灵感源自当地的传统建造手法，基座上覆盖以水泥，使整个建筑变得更加坚固。铜制屋顶稍稍倾斜，以此展现建筑内部的迷人景致。在水池入口，一条深灰色水磨石走道蜿蜒向前，引人走向古代木结构所在的双层空间。

Located in an older part of town, the Relic Shelter stands out from its context of concrete apartment towers and tree-lined streets. Its reddish rammed-earth base – borrowing a construction method that's traditional to the region – is reinforced with concrete and crowned by a copper-clad upper level set slightly askew to reveal tantalizing views of the interior. A dark gray terrazzo path zigzags through a reflecting pool by the entrance, leading to the moody double-height main hall enveloping the relic's spatial grid.

摄影：陈颢 Photo by Hao CHEN

自11年前的上海水舍起，精心布置的开窗、开口结构就成为了如恩标志的设计表现手法之一。福州茶馆亦运用到了这些元素，以此建立起建筑内部与外部景观的连接。此外，当观者走在通往夹层的楼梯上时容易产生一种行进感。这种行进感不仅能够让观者向下俯视这座历史建筑，也能够在木结构四周走动时，近距离欣赏到梁柱上的木雕工艺。

As in other Neri&Hu projects – going back as far as their Waterhouse hotel in Shanghai (RECORD, September 2010) – the building is punctuated by strategic gaps, reveals, and openings that frame interior and exterior views. Meanwhile, a sense of procession is heightened by level changes leading to a mezzanine that offers views both down into the historic structure and, closer up, onto its elaborately carved brackets and beams as you circumambulate them.

摄影：陈颢 Photo by Hao CHEN

无论是苏州礼堂还是秦皇岛阿那亚艺术中心，如恩近期作品中的蜿蜒走道都体现了柏拉图式的恢弘片段，以此营造出一种庄严感与延续性。如今的建筑设计环境，一切为建造而建造，从人们往往忘记去思考“为何而建”。在这样的社会背景下，如恩的建筑理念实践起来并不容易。可以看出，如恩真正想要坚守的，更是一种将建筑视为艺术集合的情怀与理想。