翻译练习：What We Can Learn From Ancient Graffiti(2)

What We Can Learn From Ancient Graffiti(2)

从古代涂鸦中我们能学到什么（2）

酒吧涂鸦

(5)And it is not just monuments and buildings: Miltiades, a general from the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC who persuaded the Athenians to fight despite their small numbers, carved his name into the helmet he wore. Based on the stratigraphy of the find and the dedication of a Persian helmet found nearby, it seems Miltiades dedicated the actual helmet he had worn during the battle, etching his name into the bronze cheek guard so that Zeus would know from whom the offering came. In the Athenian Agora, too, a Spartan shield was found with an inscription noting that the Athenians captured it during the Battle of Sphacteria in 425 BC. Without such graffiti, the objects would still be impressive, but far less useful for historians, as their inscriptions provide an exact provenance.

刻有名字的也不仅仅是古迹与建筑：米提亚德，公元490年说服雅典人克服人数上的劣势而应战马拉松战役的一位将军，他把自己的名字刻在自己所戴的头盔里。根据发现的地层以及头盔附近发现一个波斯人的头盔的奉献，看上去米提亚德在战役中真的奉献了他的旧头盔，将他的名字刻在了青铜脸颊护板上，好让宙斯知道是谁进行了献祭。雅典的古集市也有，一个斯巴达盾牌上的刻字告诉我们，在公元前425年雅典人在斯巴达战役中俘虏了这个盾牌。如果没有这些涂鸦，文物仍然令人印象深刻，但是对历史学家的用处就大大减少了，因为这些刻上的文字提供了一个精确的起源。

(6)Perpahs the site that best shows the prevalence of graffiti in ancient times is Pompeii, where the amazing level of preservation has ensured that al types of graffiti remain intact. From politicians seeking publicity ("If integrity in life is thought to be of any use, this man, Lucretius Fronto is worthy of great honor") to declarations of love, or rude and crude jokes and images, it is an insight into the lives of ordinary people that would otherwise be lost. Through these inscriptions we see flashes of daily lives - from the notice on a tavern wall warning "if you're going to fight, get out!" and a jealous lover declaring "I don't care about your pregnancy Salvilla" to complaints about an innkeeper who is "selling us water and keeping the good wine!" Such inscriptions help to humanize the austere walls of long-abandoned towns and streets.

也许最能证明古代涂鸦非常流行的地点是庞贝古城，由于保存得极为完好，这里各种类型的涂鸦依然完好无损。从政治家们的宣传语（“如果生活中正直诚实被认为是有用处的，那么这个人，卢克里修斯·弗朗特这个人值得尊重”）到爱的宣言，或下流恶俗的笑话，还有图案，这些涂鸦让我们了解到本应消失的普通人的生活。我们看到了一幕幕日常的生活——在一个酒馆的墙上写着的警告语“如果你想打架，滚出去！”，还有一个妒嫉的求爱者声明：“萨尔维拉，我不在乎你有没有怀孕”，有抱怨酒吧老板的：“卖给我们水却留着好酒！” 这样的刻字让长久废弃的城镇与街道上简陋的墙壁充满了人情味。