基于OSPF、VRRP和Eth-Trunk的经典三层组网结构在数据中心的应用

#头条创作挑战赛#

一、实验说明

所谓三层组网结构就是将路由交换设备分为三层即核心层、汇聚层和接入层进行组网,以达到灵活分配数据到各工作层的目的。三层组网下的网络结构在冗余性、健壮性和可控性上可以做到最优。由于该结构易辩性,使得多数后期维护的工程师都能够上手维护和变更。同时该结构的配置并不复杂,用到的路由协议和冗余特性都是最常见的,所以在中小型企业或者校园内被广泛运用。下面依据模拟环境搭建实验,以下描述和数据对实验环境做整体概述:

1.模拟环境设备命名规则,如下表:

设备

命名规则

设备标识

核心交换机

Core switch

CS1

CS2

汇聚交换机

aggregation switch

AgS1

AgS2

接入交换机

access switch

AcS1

AcS2

2.各层设备组成,如下表:

设备所在层结构

设备标识

核心层

CS1、CS2

汇聚层

AgS1、AgS2

接入层

AcS1、AcS2

3.网络设备IP地址规划,如下表:

本端设备

接口

IP地址/掩码

Loopback接口/管理IP地址

CS1

Eth-Trunk

12.1.1.1/24

1.1.1.1

GE1/0/2

13.1.1.1/24

GE1/0/3

14.1.1.1/24

CS2

Eth-Trunk

12.1.1.2/24

2.2.2.2

GE1/0/2

24.1.1.1/24

GE1/0/3

23.1.1.1/24

AgS1

GE0/0/1

13.1.1.2/24

3.3.3.3

GE0/0/2

23.1.1.2/24

GE0/0/3

Bridge

GE0/0/4

Bridge

AgS2

GE0/0/1

14.1.1.2/24

4.4.4.4

GE0/0/2

24.1.1.2/24

GE0/0/3

Bridge

GE0/0/4

Bridge

AcS1

GE0/0/1

Bridge

192.168.100.1

GE0/0/2

Bridge

GE0/0/3

Bridge

GE0/0/4

Bridge

AcS2

GE0/0/1

Bridge

192.168.100.2

GE0/0/2

Bridge

GE0/0/3

Bridge

GE0/0/4

Bridge

3.1 终端IP地址规划,如下表:

设备

IP地址

子网掩码

网关

所属vlan

PC1

192.168.10.1

255.255.255.0

192.168.10.254

40

PC2

192.168.10.2

255.255.255.0

192.168.10.254

40

Client1

192.168.20.1

255.255.255.0

192.168.20.254

50

Server1

192.168.20.2

255.255.255.0

192.168.20.254

50

4.区域规划:

将核心层和汇聚层上联接口划分到OSPF区域0内,做动态路由协议,方便后期的设备接入和维护,汇聚层下联接口和接入层做二层,透传vlan即可完成通信,也方便后期维护。

5.管理vlan和业务vlan划分情况:

由于核心-汇聚层(OSPF区域)各设备都配置了loopback地址,所以该区域的设备均可通过loopback地址进行管理,在汇聚层-接入层由于是二层网络,所以只能配置管理vlan和管理IP地址进行管理。在此实验中,管理vlan统一为100,业务vlan为40和50,其中vlan 40为PC业务(模拟个人业务),vlan 50为server业务(模拟统一业务),实现业务和管理互不影响。

6.关于Eth-Trunk和VRRP:

由于核心设备承载整网数据,设备承受压力较大,所以需要做链路和设备的双重备份,此时VRR协议就可以实现这种功能。同时因为核心设备的转发带宽需求较高,使用eth-trunk就可以增大链路带宽,保证链路冗余。

二、实验拓扑

三层组网结构

三、实验步骤

1.配置核心层

1.1 CS1配置

1.1.1 基础配置

vlan batch 10 20 30

interface Vlanif10
 ip address 13.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

interface Vlanif20
 ip address 14.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

interface Vlanif30
 ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

interface Eth-Trunk12
 port default vlan 30

interface GE1/0/0
 undo shutdown
 eth-trunk 12

interface GE1/0/1
 undo shutdown
 eth-trunk 12

interface GE1/0/2
 undo shutdown
 port default vlan 10

interface GE1/0/3
 undo shutdown
 port default vlan 20

interface LoopBack0
 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255

1.1.2 VRRP配置

interface Vlanif30
 vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 12.1.1.250
 vrrp vrid 1 priority 120
 vrrp vrid 1 preempt timer delay 3
 vrrp vrid 1 authentication-mode md5 huawei@123
 vrrp vrid 1 track bfd session-name 1 reduce 50
 vrrp vrid 1 track bfd session-name 2 reduce 50
 vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 12.1.1.251
 vrrp vrid 2 authentication-mode md5 huawei@123

bfd     //配置bfd监测链路
bfd 1 bind peer-ip 13.1.1.2 interface Vlanif10 source-ip 13.1.1.1 one-arm-echo
 discriminator local 10
bfd 2 bind peer-ip 14.1.1.2 interface Vlanif20 source-ip 14.1.1.1 one-arm-echo
 discriminator local 20

1.1.3 OSPF配置

ospf 10 router-id 1.1.1.1
 area 0.0.0.0
  authentication-mode md5 1 cipher huawei@123
  network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
  network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
  network 13.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
  network 14.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

1.2 CS2配置

1.2.1 基础配置

vlan batch 10 20 30

interface Vlanif10
 ip address 24.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

interface Vlanif20
 ip address 23.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

interface Vlanif30
 ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
 
interface Eth-Trunk12
 port default vlan 30

interface GE1/0/0
 undo shutdown
 eth-trunk 12

interface GE1/0/1
 undo shutdown
 eth-trunk 12

interface GE1/0/2
 undo shutdown
 port default vlan 10

interface GE1/0/3
 undo shutdown
 port default vlan 20

interface LoopBack0
 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255

1.2.2 VRRP配置

interface Vlanif30
 ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
 vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 12.1.1.250
 vrrp vrid 1 authentication-mode md5 huawei@123
 vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 12.1.1.251
 vrrp vrid 2 priority 120
 vrrp vrid 2 preempt timer delay 3
 vrrp vrid 2 authentication-mode md5 huawei@123
 vrrp vrid 2 track bfd session-name 1 reduce 50
 vrrp vrid 2 track bfd session-name 2 reduce 50

bfd
bfd 1 bind peer-ip 24.1.1.2 interface Vlanif10 source-ip 24.1.1.1 one-arm-echo
 discriminator local 10
bfd 2 bind peer-ip 23.1.1.2 interface Vlanif20 source-ip 23.1.1.1 one-arm-echo
 discriminator local 20

1.2.3 OSPF配置

ospf 10 router-id 2.2.2.2
 area 0.0.0.0
  authentication-mode md5 1 cipherhuawei@123
  network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
  network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
  network 23.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
  network 24.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

2.配置汇聚层

2.1 AgS1配置

2.1.1 基础配置

vlan batch 10 20 40 100

interface Vlanif10
 ip address 13.1.1.2 255.255.255.0

interface Vlanif20
 ip address 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
 ospf cost 10

interface Vlanif40
 description YW_PC
 ip address 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0

interface Vlanif100
 description GuanLi
 ip address 192.168.100.254 255.255.255.0

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 10

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 20

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3
 port link-type trunk
 port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4
 port link-type trunk
 port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094

interface LoopBack0
 ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255

2.1.2 OSPF配置

ospf 10 router-id 3.3.3.3
 import-route direct     //引入直连路由
 area 0.0.0.0
  authentication-mode md5 1 cipher huawei@123
  network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
  network 13.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
  network 23.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

2.1.3 BFD配置

bfd
bfd 1 bind peer-ip 13.1.1.1 interface Vlanif10 source-ip 13.1.1.2  one-arm-echo
 discriminator local 10
bfd 2 bind peer-ip 23.1.1.1 interface Vlanif20 source-ip 23.1.1.1  one-arm-echo
 discriminator local 20

2.2 AgS2配置

2.2.1 基础配置

vlan batch 10 20 50 100

interface Vlanif10
 ip address 24.1.1.2 255.255.255.0

interface Vlanif20
 ip address 14.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
 ospf cost 10

interface Vlanif50
 description YW_Server
 ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0

interface Vlanif100
 description GuanLi
 ip address 192.168.100.254 255.255.255.0

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 20

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 10

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3
 port link-type trunk
 port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4
 port link-type trunk
 port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094

interface LoopBack0
 ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255

2.2.2 OSPF配置

ospf 10 router-id 4.4.4.4
 import-route direct
 area 0.0.0.0
  authentication-mode md5 1 cipher huawei@123
  network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
  network 24.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
  network 14.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

2.2.3 BFD配置

bfd
bfd 1 bind peer-ip 24.1.1.1 interface Vlanif10 source-ip 24.1.1.2  one-arm-echo
 discriminator local 10
bfd 2 bind peer-ip 14.1.1.1 interface Vlanif20 source-ip 14.1.1.2  one-arm-echo
 discriminator local 20

3.配置接入层

3.1 AcS1配置

vlan batch 40 50 100

interface Vlanif100
 description GuanLi
 ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0

interface Ethernet0/0/1
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 40

interface Ethernet0/0/2
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 50

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 port link-type trunk
 port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
 port link-type trunk
 port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094

ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.100.254     //配置缺省路由,以便远程管理二层设备

3.2 AcS2配置

vlan batch 40 50 100

interface Vlanif100
 description GuanLi
 ip address 192.168.100.2 255.255.255.0

interface Ethernet0/0/1
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 40

interface Ethernet0/0/2
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 50

interface Ethernet0/0/3
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 40

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 port link-type trunk
 port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
 port link-type trunk
 port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094

ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.100.254

四、实验结果验证

1.验证VRRP

以CS1为例,查看VRRP状态:

VRRP状态正常。VRRP切换感兴趣的小伙伴可以自行检测!

2.验证OSPF邻居关系

以CS1为例,查看ospf邻居状态如下:

状态全部为FULL,邻居正常。

3.验证路由表

以CS1为例,查看路由表如下:

路由表项完整,有全网路由信息。

4. 验证网络连通性

4.1 验证网络连通性-业务连通性

以PC1和Server1互ping验证,结果如下:

业务连通性正常。

4.2 验证网络连通性-管理连通性

以PC1和管理网段(192.168.100.254)互ping验证,结果如下:

管理连通性正常。

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页面更新:2024-05-16

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