关键字是指在数据库中有意义的字，通常是数据库内部使用， 不能用于命名用户的数据对象。 有的数据库还会详细划分，例如分为关键字，候选字，甚至更详细的分类。分类的标准例如有的是绝对不可以使用，有的通过一定手段例如添加双引号可以使用。

我们为了方便统一称之为关键字，通常用户编写的对象中使用关键字会造成错误或不确定的影响，为了避免这个问题，用户应该避免使用数据库的关键字(含保留字或其他保留别名等)。

这个系列主要整理了各大数据库的关键字，可以用于建库，建表，写存储过程，函数等场景避免冲突。最后会有个脚本工具用来检查是否使用关键字。
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SQL Server

保留关键字是 SQL Server 使用的 Transact-SQL 语言语法的一部分，用于分析和理解 Transact-SQL 语句和批处理。 尽管在 Transact-SQL 脚本中使用 SQL Server 保留关键字作为标识符和对象名在语法上是可行的，但规定只能使用分隔标识符。

下表列出了 SQL Server 和 Azure Synapse Analytics 保留关键字。

ADD EXTERNAL PROCEDURE ALL FETCH PUBLIC ALTER FILE RAISERROR AND FILLFACTOR READ ANY FOR READTEXT AS FOREIGN RECONFIGURE ASC FREETEXT REFERENCES AUTHORIZATION FREETEXTTABLE 复制 BACKUP FROM RESTORE BEGIN FULL RESTRICT BETWEEN FUNCTION RETURN BREAK GOTO REVERT BROWSE GRANT REVOKE BULK GROUP RIGHT BY HAVING ROLLBACK CASCADE HOLDLOCK ROWCOUNT CASE IDENTITY ROWGUIDCOL CHECK IDENTITY_INSERT RULE CHECKPOINT IDENTITYCOL SAVE CLOSE IF SCHEMA CLUSTERED IN SECURITYAUDIT COALESCE INDEX SELECT COLLATE INNER SEMANTICKEYPHRASETABLE COLUMN INSERT SEMANTICSIMILARITYDETAILSTABLE COMMIT INTERSECT SEMANTICSIMILARITYTABLE COMPUTE INTO SESSION_USER CONSTRAINT IS SET CONTAINS JOIN SETUSER CONTAINSTABLE KEY SHUTDOWN CONTINUE KILL SOME CONVERT LEFT STATISTICS CREATE LIKE SYSTEM_USER CROSS LINENO TABLE CURRENT LOAD TABLESAMPLE CURRENT_DATE MERGE TEXTSIZE CURRENT_TIME NATIONAL THEN CURRENT_TIMESTAMP NOCHECK TO CURRENT_USER NONCLUSTERED TOP CURSOR NOT TRAN DATABASE Null TRANSACTION DBCC NULLIF TRIGGER DEALLOCATE OF TRUNCATE DECLARE OFF TRY_CONVERT DEFAULT OFFSETS TSEQUAL DELETE ON UNION DENY OPEN UNIQUE DESC OPENDATASOURCE UNPIVOT DISK OPENQUERY UPDATE DISTINCT OPENROWSET UPDATETEXT DISTRIBUTED OPENXML USE DOUBLE OPTION USER DROP OR VALUES DUMP ORDER VARYING ELSE OUTER VIEW End OVER WAITFOR ERRLVL PERCENT WHEN ESCAPE PIVOT WHERE EXCEPT PLAN WHILE EXEC PRECISION WITH EXECUTE PRIMARY WITHIN GROUP EXISTS PRINT WRITETEXT EXIT PROC

下表列出了 Azure Synapse Analytics 专用的保留关键字。

LABEL

下面是当前的 ODBC 保留关键字列表。

ODBC 保留关键字保留了下列关键字以用于 ODBC 函数调用。 这些关键字根本不约束 SQL 语法；然而，为确保与支持核心 SQL 语法的驱动程序兼容，应用程序应避免使用这些关键字

ABSOLUTE EXEC OVERLAPS ACTION EXECUTE PAD ADA EXISTS PARTIAL 添加 EXTERNAL PASCAL ALL EXTRACT POSITION ALLOCATE FALSE PRECISION ALTER FETCH PREPARE AND FIRST PRESERVE ANY FLOAT PRIMARY ARE FOR PRIOR AS FOREIGN PRIVILEGES ASC FORTRAN PROCEDURE ASSERTION FOUND PUBLIC AT FROM READ AUTHORIZATION FULL REAL AVG GET REFERENCES BEGIN GLOBAL RELATIVE BETWEEN GO RESTRICT BIT GOTO REVOKE BIT_LENGTH GRANT RIGHT BOTH GROUP ROLLBACK BY HAVING ROWS CASCADE HOUR SCHEMA CASCADED IDENTITY SCROLL CASE IMMEDIATE SECOND CAST IN SECTION CATALOG INCLUDE SELECT CHAR INDEX SESSION CHAR_LENGTH INDICATOR SESSION_USER CHARACTER INITIALLY SET CHARACTER_LENGTH INNER SIZE CHECK INPUT SMALLINT CLOSE INSENSITIVE SOME COALESCE INSERT SPACE COLLATE INT SQL COLLATION INTEGER SQLCA COLUMN INTERSECT SQLCODE COMMIT INTERVAL SQLERROR CONNECT INTO SQLSTATE CONNECTION IS SQLWARNING CONSTRAINT ISOLATION SUBSTRING CONSTRAINTS JOIN SUM CONTINUE KEY SYSTEM_USER CONVERT LANGUAGE TABLE CORRESPONDING LAST TEMPORARY COUNT LEADING THEN CREATE LEFT TIME CROSS LEVEL TIMESTAMP CURRENT LIKE TIMEZONE_HOUR CURRENT_DATE LOCAL TIMEZONE_MINUTE CURRENT_TIME LOWER TO CURRENT_TIMESTAMP MATCH TRAILING CURRENT_USER MAX TRANSACTION CURSOR MIN TRANSLATE DATE MINUTE TRANSLATION DAY MODULE TRIM DEALLOCATE MONTH TRUE DEC NAMES UNION DECIMAL NATIONAL UNIQUE DECLARE NATURAL 未知 DEFAULT NCHAR UPDATE DEFERRABLE NEXT UPPER DEFERRED NO USAGE DELETE NONE USER DESC NOT USING DESCRIBE NULL VALUE DESCRIPTOR NULLIF VALUES DIAGNOSTICS NUMERIC VARCHAR DISCONNECT OCTET_LENGTH VARYING DISTINCT OF VIEW DOMAIN ON WHEN DOUBLE ONLY WHENEVER DROP OPEN WHERE ELSE OPTION WITH END OR WORK END-EXEC ORDER WRITE ESCAPE OUTER YEAR EXCEPT OUTPUT ZONE EXCEPTION

将来的关键字

下列关键字可能会在将来的 SQL Server 版本中保留使用，作为将来要实现的新功能。 注意，不要使用这些关键字作为标识符。

ABSOLUTE HOST RELATIVE ACTION HOUR RELEASE ADMIN IGNORE RESULT AFTER IMMEDIATE RETURNS AGGREGATE INDICATOR ROLE ALIAS INITIALIZE ROLLUP ALLOCATE INITIALLY ROUTINE ARE INOUT ROW ARRAY INPUT ROWS ASENSITIVE INT SAVEPOINT ASSERTION INTEGER SCROLL ASYMMETRIC INTERSECTION SCOPE AT INTERVAL SEARCH ATOMIC ISOLATION SECOND BEFORE ITERATE SECTION BINARY LANGUAGE SENSITIVE BIT LARGE SEQUENCE BLOB LAST SESSION BOOLEAN LATERAL SETS BOTH LEADING SIMILAR BREADTH LESS SIZE CALL LEVEL SMALLINT CALLED LIKE_REGEX SPACE CARDINALITY LIMIT SPECIFIC CASCADED LN SPECIFICTYPE CAST LOCAL SQL CATALOG LOCALTIME SQLEXCEPTION CHAR LOCALTIMESTAMP SQLSTATE CHARACTER LOCATOR SQLWARNING CLASS MAP START CLOB MATCH 状态 COLLATION MEMBER STATEMENT COLLECT METHOD STATIC COMPLETION MINUTE STDDEV_POP CONDITION MOD STDDEV_SAMP CONNECT MODIFIES STRUCTURE CONNECTION MODIFY SUBMULTISET CONSTRAINTS MODULE SUBSTRING_REGEX CONSTRUCTOR 月 SYMMETRIC CORR MULTISET SYSTEM CORRESPONDING NAMES TEMPORARY COVAR_POP NATURAL TERMINATE COVAR_SAMP NCHAR THAN CUBE NCLOB TIME CUME_DIST 新增功能 TIMESTAMP CURRENT_CATALOG NEXT TIMEZONE_HOUR CURRENT_DEFAULT_TRANSFORM_GROUP 是 TIMEZONE_MINUTE CURRENT_PATH 无 TRAILING CURRENT_ROLE NORMALIZE TRANSLATE_REGEX CURRENT_SCHEMA NUMERIC TRANSLATION CURRENT_TRANSFORM_GROUP_FOR_TYPE OBJECT TREAT CYCLE OCCURRENCES_REGEX true DATA OLD UESCAPE DATE ONLY UNDER DAY OPERATION UNKNOWN DEC ORDINALITY UNNEST DECIMAL OUT USAGE DEFERRABLE OVERLAY USING DEFERRED OUTPUT 值 DEPTH PAD VAR_POP DEREF 参数 VAR_SAMP DESCRIBE PARAMETERS VARCHAR DESCRIPTOR PARTIAL VARIABLE DESTROY PARTITION WHENEVER DESTRUCTOR PATH WIDTH_BUCKET DETERMINISTIC POSTFIX WITHOUT DICTIONARY PREFIX WINDOW DIAGNOSTICS PREORDER WITHIN DISCONNECT PREPARE WORK DOMAIN PERCENT_RANK WRITE DYNAMIC PERCENTILE_CONT XMLAGG EACH PERCENTILE_DISC XMLATTRIBUTES ELEMENT POSITION_REGEX XMLBINARY END-EXEC PRESERVE XMLCAST EQUALS PRIOR XMLCOMMENT EVERY PRIVILEGES XMLCONCAT EXCEPTION RANGE XMLDOCUMENT false READS XMLELEMENT FILTER REAL XMLEXISTS FIRST RECURSIVE XMLFOREST FLOAT REF XMLITERATE FOUND REFERENCING XMLNAMESPACES FREE REGR_AVGX XMLPARSE FULLTEXTTABLE REGR_AVGY XMLPI FUSION REGR_COUNT XMLQUERY GENERAL REGR_INTERCEPT XMLSERIALIZE GET REGR_R2 XMLTABLE GLOBAL REGR_SLOPE XMLTEXT GO REGR_SXX XMLVALIDATE GROUPING REGR_SXY 年 HOLD REGR_SYY ZONE