「物流学」物流与信息技术1

欢迎回到物流学，本期以及后续我们将介绍物流与信息技术之间的联系与应用。

Welcome back to logistics, and in this issue and later we will introduce the connection and application between logistics and information technology.

信息的有效和高效利用可以给物流和供应链管理带来诸多益处。其中最突出的四大益处如下:

●拥有更多的供应链知识和可视性，使信息取代库存成为可能;

●利用销售点数据，可以更好地了解顾客需求，从而有助于改善计划并减少供应链中的变化;

●通过企业资源计划(ERP)系统，更好地协调制造、营销和配送活动;

●协调的物流信息系统可以简化订单处理流程并缩短提前期。

The effective and efficient use of information can bring many benefits to logistics and supply chain management. Four of the most prominent benefits are:

● has more supply chain knowledge and visibility, enabling information to replace inventory;

● uses point-of-sale data to better understand customer needs to help improve planning and reduce changes in the supply chain;

● better coordinates manufacturing, marketing, and distribution activities through the Enterprise Resource Program (ERP) system;

● coordinated logistics information systems simplify order processing and shorten lead times.

适当信息技术的成功实施和开发是维持竞争优势的关键。此外，信息有效且高效的利用以使企业库存与顾客需求相匹配，从而在降低成本的同时提高顾客满意度。例如，一些美国食品杂货店认真地研究了西班牙裔顾客的消费习惯，发现他们比其他族群更重视产品的新鲜度。因此，位于西班牙裔人口稠密地区的食品杂货店比起其他地区的食品杂货店通常会库存更多的新鲜产品。

The successful implementation and development of appropriate information technologies is the key to maintaining a competitive advantage. In addition, information is effectively and efficiently utilized to match corporate inventory with customer needs, thus improving customer satisfaction while reducing costs. For example, some American grocery stores have carefully studied the consumption habits of Hispanic customers and found that they value the product freshness more than other groups. Thus, grocery stores in Hispanic populated areas usually stock more fresh products than those in other regions.

在继续进一步讨论之前，了解数据(data) 和信息(information) 的区别十分重要。“数据只是简单的事实，是记录下来的对某现象的测量。而信息是以适合决策的形式表示的大量事实。”如今硬件和软件技术的发展使现代物流人员可以在较短的时间内获得海量的数据。要管理这些数据，管理者首先必须确定哪些数据与他们的目标相关，然后需对这些数据进行组织和分析，并作出适当的决策。在当今的商业竞争环境下，以上这些行动必须在尽可能短的时间内完成。当前物流管理人员需要考虑的一个热门议题是大数据(big data)的出现。大数据是指通过不同来源(如传感器、智能手机、射频标签和企业间的数据交换)收集到的大量近实时数据。物流人员需要制定策略，确定如何管理将获得的大量数据，以帮助他们管理资产、提高可视性，并增强整个供应链的沟通。利用这些数据，企业可以感知到需求的变化，然后通过物流活动有效且高效地应对这些变化。

Before continuing with further discussion, it is important to understand the difference between data (data) and information (information). "The data is a simple fact, is a recorded measurement of a phenomenon. And information is a lot of facts in the form suitable for decision making." Today's development of hardware and software technology enables modern logistics personnel to obtain massive data in a short period of time. To manage these data, managers must first determine which data is relevant to their goals, and then need to organize and analyze the data and make appropriate decisions. These actions must be done in the shortest possible time in today's business competition environment. One hot issue that current logistics managers need to consider is the emergence of big data (big data). Big data is a large amount of near-real-time data collected from different sources (such as sensors, smartphones, RF tags, and data exchange between enterprises). Logistics personnel need to develop strategies to determine how to manage the large amount of data that will be obtained to help them manage their assets, improve visibility, and enhance communication across the supply chain. Using this data, enterprises can perceive changes in demand and then respond to them effectively and efficiently through logistics activities.

我们首先将简单介绍适用于企业各职能的、常见的信息管理系统。接着，我们将解释互联网对物流的影响。本次的介绍是对后续内容的一个引入，更多详细内容我们下期见。

We will first give a brief introduction to the common information management systems suitable for the various functions of the enterprise. We will then explain the impact of the Internet on logistics. This introduction is an introduction of the subsequent content, which we will see in the next issue for more details.

参考资料:百度百科。
翻译:谷歌翻译。
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