分享兴趣、传播快乐、增长见闻、留下美好，大家好，这里是LearningYard学苑，今天小编为大家带来文章：一看就会的图文教程-VIKOR介绍。

什么是VIKOR

想象一下，如果正在逛商店，你想要买一件价位在100以内的心仪的衬衫。然后，你的备选项有，价格最高、质量中等、颜色最符合你的喜好的衬衫A；或者价格略高、质量最好、颜色一般的衬衫B；或者价格最低、质量一般、颜色适合的衬衫。

即使你从来都是一个追求穿着舒适的人，但是你也想要购入一件在价格合适、颜色合适的衬衫。

那么这个时候，拥有最好质量的B不一定是你的最佳选择。你会为了这件衬衫“更高的性价比”而给三件衬衫“打分”，然后选出“最适合你的衬衫”。至于最佳选择是哪一件，更多取决于你对价格、颜色、质量的”重视程度“。

整个决策的过程其实可以看作一个简单的多属性决策的问题。多属性决策是指决策者在至少两个以上的备选方案中，选择某一个最佳方案。每一个备选方案都是由与决策目标密切相关的指标组合而成。今天我们介绍的VIKOR方法，正是多属性决策的方法之一。它主要解决的是从具有多个不同权重的评价指标组成的多个方案中，选择最有利于群体效用的方案的问题。

怎么做VIKOR

需要说明的是，VIKOR方法选出的方案是一种具有妥协性的折衷方案。这种方法要满足群体效用的最大化和尽量满足个体遗憾值最小。

具体来看，VIKOR方法中比较重要的一个步骤就是通过确认各指标的正理想解和负理想解，进而形成“最完美”和“最差”的方案。再通过计算对备选方案进行排序，就可以得到离正理想解距离最近的最佳方案。

下面用我们“买衬衫”作为案例具体分析怎么搭建VIKOR评价模型。

先来看一下一般的VIKOR评价模型，包含以下内容：

运用这种方法，可以建立“买衬衫”的决策评价矩阵，如下图：

说明：Ci的分数为10分制，10分为最高分，代表该方案在该属性（指标）上表现最好。

建立了决策评价矩阵之后，我们可以计算每个方案与理想解的距离。这一部分的深入学习，小编会在后续的文章中与大家分享。

英文学习：

What is VIKOR

Imagine if you are shopping in a store and you want to buy a shirt of your choice with a price of less than 100. Then, your options are shirt A with the highest price, medium quality, and color that best suits your preferences; or shirt B with a slightly higher price, best quality, and average color; or shirt with the lowest price, average quality, and suitable color. .

Even if you have always been a person who pursues comfort, you still want to buy a shirt that is at the right price and in the right color.

So at this time, B with the best quality may not be your best choice. You will "rate" the three shirts for the "higher cost-effectiveness" of this shirt, and then choose the "best shirt for you". As for which one is the best choice, it depends more on your "value" for price, color, and quality.

The whole decision-making process can actually be regarded as a simple multi-attribute decision-making problem. Multi-attribute decision-making means that the decision maker chooses one of the best options among at least two alternatives. Each alternative is a combination of indicators closely related to the decision-making goal. The VIKOR method we introduced today is just one of the methods of multi-attribute decision-making. It mainly solves the problem of selecting the most favorable plan for group utility from multiple plans composed of multiple evaluation indicators with different weights.

How to do VIKOR

It should be noted that the scheme selected by the VIKOR method is a compromise scheme. This method needs to maximize the utility of the group and minimize the inpidual regret value as much as possible.

Specifically, one of the more important steps in the VIKOR method is to form the "most perfect" and "worst" solutions by confirming the positive and negative ideal solutions of each indicator. After sorting the alternatives by calculation, the best solution with the closest distance to the positive ideal solution can be obtained.

Let's use our "buying shirts" as a case to analyze how to build a VIKOR evaluation model.

Let's first look at the general VIKOR evaluation model, which includes the following:

Using this method, a decision-making evaluation matrix for "buying a shirt" can be established, as shown in the figure below:

Note: Ci scores are based on a 10-point system, with 10 being the highest score, which means that the program performs best on this attribute (indicator).

After establishing the decision evaluation matrix, we can calculate the distance between each plan and the ideal solution. The in-depth study of this part will be shared with you in subsequent articles.

由于篇幅有限，今天的分享就到这里啦！

感兴趣的同学可以留言与小编交流，

咱们下周见！

往期精彩：

参考资料：周一帆师兄的学习文档。

英文翻译：Google翻译。

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