如何科学防蚊防蜱？

夏季是蚊虫和蜱虫最活跃的季节，它们不仅叮咬扰人，还可能传播登革热、发热伴血小板减少综合征、莱姆病等多种疾病。科学防护，才能让孩子安全度夏。

Summer is peak season for mosquitoes and ticks. They don‘t just bite and irritate—they can also transmit diseases such as dengue fever, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), and Lyme disease. Scientific protection is the key to keeping children safe through the summer.

物理防护：穿对衣服是关键

1.穿浅色长袖衣裤

蚊虫易被深色吸引，浅色衣服便于发现附着的蜱虫。选择轻薄但编织紧密的长袖上衣和长裤，尽量减少皮肤暴露。

2.扎紧裤脚和袖口

将裤脚扎进袜子或靴筒，防止蜱虫、蚂蚁等从裤管爬入。戴宽檐帽或使用防虫头网，尤其在丛林徒步时。

3.用氯菊酯处理衣物

0.5%氯菊酯可用于处理衣物、靴子、帐篷等装备，经多次洗涤仍保持防护效果。注意：氯菊酯产品仅用于衣物，不可直接涂抹在皮肤上

4.加装蚊帐

户外活动时，用蚊帐罩住婴儿车和婴儿床，提供物理屏障

Physical Protection: Dressing Right Is Key

Wear light-colored, long-sleeved shirts and pants: Mosquitoes are attracted to dark colors, and light colors make it easier to spot attached ticks. Choose lightweight but tightly woven fabrics to minimize skin exposure.

Tuck pants into socks or boots: This prevents ticks and ants from crawling up from the pant legs. Wear a wide-brimmed hat or use an insect head net, especially when hiking in wooded areas.

Treat clothing and gear with permethrin: 0.5% permethrin can be used to treat clothing, boots, tents, and other gear, remaining protective through multiple washes. Important: Permethrin products are for clothing only—never apply directly to skin.

Cover strollers and baby carriers with mosquito netting: When outdoors, use mosquito netting over strollers and baby carriers to provide a physical barrier.

化学防护：选对驱蚊剂

1.认准EPA有效成分

美国CDC推荐使用EPA注册的驱蚊剂，含以下活性成分之一：

• 避蚊胺（DEET）：驱蚊驱蜱效果强，防护数小时。AAP建议儿童使用浓度不超过30%。2个月以上婴儿可用。
• 派卡瑞丁（Picaridin，也称羟哌酯）：驱蚊效果与DEET相当，更温和、肤感清爽。推荐6个月以上儿童使用，浓度不超过20%。
• IR3535（驱蚊酯）：毒性较低，安全性好。
• 柠檬桉叶油（OLE）：植物来源成分，但3岁以下儿童禁用。

2.长效防护

派卡瑞丁＞避蚊胺＞驱蚊酯＞柠檬桉叶油。浓度越高防护时间越长，如10% DEET防护约2小时，30% DEET防护约5小时。

3.儿童安全使用要点

1. 成人先将驱蚊剂喷在手上，再涂抹到孩子面部
2. 不要涂在孩子的手、眼、口、伤口或受刺激的皮肤上
3. 不要使用含防晒和驱蚊成分的二合一产品
4. 如同时用防晒霜，先涂防晒霜，再涂驱蚊剂

Chemical Protection: Choosing the Right Insect Repellent

Use EPA-registered active ingredients:

The CDC recommends using EPA-registered insect repellents containing one of the following active ingredients:

DEET: Strong repellent effect against mosquitoes and ticks, lasting several hours. AAP recommends concentrations no more than 30% for children. Safe for infants over 2 months old.

Picaridin (also known as icaridin/hydroxyethyl piperidine): Repellent effect comparable to DEET, gentler and feels lighter on skin. Recommended for children over 6 months, concentration no more than 20%.

IR3535: Low toxicity, good safety profile.

Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus (OLE): Plant-derived, but prohibited for children under 3 years old.

Long-lasting protection: Picaridin > DEET > IR3535 > OLE. Higher concentrations provide longer protection—for example, 10% DEET protects for about 2 hours, while 30% DEET protects for about 5 hours.

Safe application tips for children:

Adults should spray repellent onto their hands first, then apply to the child‘s face

Do not apply to a child’s hands, eyes, mouth, cuts, or irritated skin

Do not use combination products that contain both sunscreen and repellent

If using sunscreen, apply sunscreen first, then insect repellent

户外活动后的检查

1.尽快洗澡

户外活动后2小时内洗澡，可冲走未附着的蜱虫，降低莱姆病风险。

2.全身检查

家长应仔细检查孩子的腋下、耳内及耳周、肚脐内、膝后、两腿之间、腰部周围，尤其是头发中。

3.检查衣物和宠物

蜱虫可能附着在衣物和宠物身上带回家。衣物用高温烘干10分钟可杀死蜱虫（潮湿衣物需更长时间）。

Post-Outdoor Checks

Shower soon after being outdoors: Showering within two hours of coming indoors has been shown to reduce the risk of Lyme disease and may wash off unattached ticks.

Full body check: Parents should check their children for ticks under the arms, in and around the ears, inside the belly button, behind the knees, between the legs, around the waist, and especially in their hair.

Check clothing and pets: Ticks can ride into the home on clothing and pets. Tumble dry clothes on high heat for 10 minutes to kill ticks (damp clothes may need more time).

蜱虫叮咬后的正确处理

发现蜱虫叮咬，千万不要用手直接捏拽、用火烧、涂凡士林或指甲油。这些错误操作会导致蜱虫口器断裂残留皮肤内，或刺激蜱虫分泌更多病原体。

叮咬后如出现发热、头痛、乏力、皮疹等症状，应及时就医并告知医生有蜱虫叮咬史。

正确拔除步骤

1. 用尖头镊子尽可能贴近皮肤夹住蜱虫的头部（口器）
2. 稳定、均匀地垂直向上拔出，不要旋转或扭动
3. 拔出后用碘伏或75%酒精彻底消毒叮咬处及周围皮肤
4. 如口器残留无法轻易取出，不要强行挖取，让皮肤自然愈合

Proper Management After a Tick Bite

If you find an attached tick, never pull it with your fingers, burn it, or apply Vaseline or nail polish. These improper methods can cause the tick’s mouthparts to break off and remain in the skin, or stimulate the tick to release more pathogens.

If fever, headache, fatigue, or rash develop after a tick bite, seek medical attention promptly and inform the doctor about the tick bite history.

Correct removal steps:

Use fine-tipped tweezers to grasp the tick as close to the skin as possible—at the head (mouthparts)

Pull upward with steady, even pressure—do not twist or jerk

After removal, thoroughly disinfect the bite area and surrounding skin with iodine or 75% alcohol

If mouthparts remain and cannot be easily removed, do not dig them out—let the skin heal naturally

防蚊防蜱，核心在于“物理隔离+化学防护+及时检查”。科学防护不恐慌，正确应对不慌乱，才能让孩子安心享受户外时光。

Preventing mosquito and tick bites comes down to three pillars: physical barriers + chemical protection + timely checks. With scientific prevention and proper response, children can safely enjoy the outdoors.