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各位朋友：

大家好！现在是“每天健康三分钟”时间，我是安阳道简医院的护士赵云娟，今天由我来为大家讲讲高血压患者的饮食调节。

高血压病是最常见的慢性病之一，也是诱发各种心脑血管病最主要的危险因素。我国高血压患者人数仍在快速增长。对于高血压患者来说，通过饮食调节，有助于患者控制血压。今天我们具体来说说日常食用的蔬菜、水果的选择。

高血压患者可以吃些什么水果呢?

1.苹果中含有丰富的钾盐，能与体内的钠盐竞争，使之排除体外。另外还具有防止血液中胆固醇的增加等作用。

2.西瓜汁富含维生素A、B、C和蛋白质、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖酶、谷氨酸、瓜氨酸、精氨酸、苹果酸、番茄色素、磷酸及钙、铁、粗纤维等，对高血压患者有很好的作用。

3.木瓜含十七种以上氨基酸及多种营养元素，对血管有保护作用。

4.柿子中含维生素较一般水果高，对于心脏病、脑血管病都大有益处。其含有一种酚类化合物，能预防动脉硬化，从而降低心脑血管疾病发生率。

哪些蔬菜具有降压功效？

韭菜：韭菜富含钙、磷、钾及维生素C，具有活血化瘀，理气降逆，温肾壮阳，解毒，止血等功能，对降血压也有一定的功效。

芹菜：芹菜可以清热除烦，平肝，利水消肿，凉血止血。对高血压患者有益。

黑木耳：黑木耳可以用于气虚血亏，四肢搐搦，肺虚咳嗽，咯血，吐血，衄血，崩漏，高血压病等。

大白菜：白菜叶含有较多的维生素C，常食对预防动脉粥样硬化或一些心血管病大有好处。

西红柿：对于高血压并伴有眼底出血的病人，每天早晨吃新鲜西红柿1-2个，也能收到降压、止血之效。

茄子：紫色茄子中含有丰富的维生素P和皂甙等物质。常吃茄子，可使血液中胆固醇水平不断增高，从而延缓动脉硬化进展，对高血压患者有益。

竹笋：竹笋具有低脂肪、低糖、高纤维素的特点，是高血压患者的适宜食物。

冬瓜：冬瓜中含钠量较低，因而是肾脏病、浮肿病、高血压患者的理想蔬菜。

海带：海带中的褐藻氨酸具有降血压作用，淀粉为多糖类物质，有降低血脂的作用。

高血压患者一定要注意自己的饮食趋向清淡化

高血压病人的饮食原则是尽量选择低盐、低脂、含钾食物，避免油腻食物，同时要戒烟限酒。

低盐饮食一般要求：

● 每人每天食盐量不要超过6g

● 减少烹调用盐

● 尽量少吃或不吃腌制品如腌菜、腌肉、腌禽蛋等

高血压病是一种对人体健康危害极大的慢性病综合征，它的治疗控制亦需长期综合坚持与观察调整。

饮食调节只占其治疗手段的一小部分，不能替代药物治疗及复诊监测，以防出现并发症及重要靶器官损害！

最后祝大家生活愉快，身体健康！想了解更多心血管科普小知识，请关注我们，咱们下期见。

【英文版】

Diet regulation in patients with hypertension

Dear friends, nice to meet you!Now it is time for “health talk for three minutes every day”,My name is Zhao Yunjuan, a nurse of Anyang Daojian Hospital.Today, I'm going to talk about the diet adjustment of patients with hypertension.

Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases.It is also the most important risk factor of various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The number of hypertension patients in China is still growing rapidly. For patients with hypertension, diet regulation can help patients control blood pressure. Today, let's talk about how to choose vegetables and fruits in daily life.

What fruit can hypertensive patients eat?

1. Apple is rich in potassium salt, which can compete with sodium salt in the body and promote the excretion of sodium salt from the body. Apple also has the effect of preventing the increase of cholesterol in the blood.

2.Watermelon juice is rich in vitamin A, B, C and protein, glucose, fructose, sucrase, glutamic acid, citrulline, arginine, malic acid, tomato pigment, phosphoric acid, calcium, iron, crude fiber, etc.,which has a good effect on patients with hypertension.

3. Papaya contains more than 17 kinds of amino acids and many kinds of nutrients, which has a protective effect on blood vessels.

4. Persimmon contains more vitamins than common fruits,which is of great benefit to patients with heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. It contains a kind of phenolic compound, which can prevent arteriosclerosis, thereby reducing the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Which vegetables have antihypertensive effect?

Leek. Leek is rich in calcium, phosphorus, potassium and vitamin C.It has the functions of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, regulating Qi, warming kidney and invigorating yang, detoxification, hemostasis and so on. It also has certain effect on lowering blood pressure.

Celery. Celery can clear away heat, stabilize mood, protect liver, detumescence and stop bleeding, which is beneficial to patients with hypertension.

Auricularia auricula. Auricularia auricula can be used in patients with Qi deficiency and blood deficiency, limb convulsion, lung deficiency, cough, hemoptysis, hematemesis, bleeding, metrorrhagia, and hypertension.

Cabbage. Cabbage leaves contain more vitamin C,and eating cabbage is conducive to atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular disease prevention.

Tomatoes. For patients with hypertension and fundus hemorrhage, eating 1 or 2 fresh tomatoes every morning has the effect of reducing blood pressure and stopping bleeding.

Eggplant. Purple eggplant contains rich vitamin P and saponins and other substances. eating eggplant can effectively stabilize the level of cholesterol in the blood, delay the progression of atherosclerosis, which is beneficial to patients with hypertension.

Bamboo shoot. Bamboo shoot is a kind of food with low fat, low sugar and high cellulose, which is very suitable for patients with hypertension.

Wax gourd. White gourd contains less sodium, so it is an ideal vegetable for patients with dirty disease, edema disease and hypertension.

Kelp. Alginic acid in kelp has the effect of lowering blood pressure, and starch is a polysaccharide substance which can reduce blood lipid.

The diet of patients with hypertension must be light.The diet principle of hypertension patients is to choose low salt, low fat, potassium food as far as possible,eat less greasy food, at the same time, quit smoking and limit alcohol.

General requirements for a low salt diet.

The amount of salt per person per day should not exceed 6 g.

Reduce salt when cooking.

Try to eat less or no salted products, such as pickles, bacon, salted eggs, etc.

Hypertension is a chronic disease syndrome which does great harm to human health. Its treatment and control also need long-term comprehensive adherence and observation and adjustment.

Diet regulation only accounts for a small part of the treatment of hypertension, and diet regulation can not replace drug treatment or follow-up monitoring to prevent complications or important target organ damage.

Finally, I wish you all a happy life and good health! To learn more about cardiovascular disease, please pay attention to us.See you next time!