mybatis源码学习

什么是mybatis

MyBatis 是一款优秀的持久层框架，它支持自定义 SQL、存储过程以及高级映射。MyBatis 免除了几乎所有的 JDBC 代码以及设置参数和获取结果集的工作。MyBatis 可以通过简单的 XML 或注解来配置和映射原始类型、接口和 Java POJO（Plain Old Java Objects，普通老式 Java 对象）为数据库中的记录。

mybatis的初始化

String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
  InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
  //创建SqlSessionFacory
  SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);

SqlSessionFactoryBuilder#build中会初始化配置文件中的信息形成Configuration

看下初始化的代码

private void parseConfiguration(XNode root) {
    try {
      // issue #117 read properties first
      // 初始化各种属性
      propertiesElement(root.evalNode("properties"));
      Properties settings = settingsAsProperties(root.evalNode("settings"));
      loadCustomVfs(settings);
      // 初始化别名
      typeAliasesElement(root.evalNode("typeAliases"));
      // 初始化各种拦截器
      pluginElement(root.evalNode("plugins"));
      // 初始化对象工厂
      objectFactoryElement(root.evalNode("objectFactory"));
      objectWrapperFactoryElement(root.evalNode("objectWrapperFactory"));
      reflectorFactoryElement(root.evalNode("reflectorFactory"));
      
      settingsElement(settings);
      // read it after objectFactory and objectWrapperFactory issue #631
      environmentsElement(root.evalNode("environments"));
                databaseIdProviderElement(root.evalNode("databaseIdProvider"));
      // 对象转化类，java类和数据库类型映射
      typeHandlerElement(root.evalNode("typeHandlers"));
      // xxxxMapper.xml文件
      mapperElement(root.evalNode("mappers"));
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new BuilderException("Error parsing SQL Mapper Configuration. Cause: " + e, e);
    }
  }

mybatis的执行时的动态代理

mybatis的mapper没有实现类，这是怎么实现的呢，我们来看看SqlSession#getMapper这里，点击进入后

public  T getMapper(Class type, SqlSession sqlSession) {
    final MapperProxyFactory mapperProxyFactory = (MapperProxyFactory) knownMappers.get(type);
    if (mapperProxyFactory == null) {
      throw new BindingException("Type " + type + " is not known to the MapperRegistry.");
    }
    try {
      return mapperProxyFactory.newInstance(sqlSession);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new BindingException("Error getting mapper instance. Cause: " + e, e);
    }
  }

点击去看就是jdk的动态代理

protected T newInstance(MapperProxy mapperProxy) {
    return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(mapperInterface.getClassLoader(), new Class[] { mapperInterface }, mapperProxy);
  }

mybatis的缓存

对于会话（Session）级别的数据缓存，我们称之为一级数据缓存，简称一级缓存。

我们来看BaseExecutor#query代码

@Override
  public  List query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler) throws SQLException {
    BoundSql boundSql = ms.getBoundSql(parameter);
    CacheKey key = createCacheKey(ms, parameter, rowBounds, boundSql);
    return query(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
 }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  @Override
  public  List query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
    ErrorContext.instance().resource(ms.getResource()).activity("executing a query").object(ms.getId());
    if (closed) {
      throw new ExecutorException("Executor was closed.");
    }
    if (queryStack == 0 && ms.isFlushCacheRequired()) {
      clearLocalCache();
    }
    List list;
    try {
      queryStack++;
      list = resultHandler == null ? (List) localCache.getObject(key) : null;
      if (list != null) {
        handleLocallyCachedOutputParameters(ms, key, parameter, boundSql);
      } else {
        list = queryFromDatabase(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
      }
    } finally {
      queryStack--;
    }
    if (queryStack == 0) {
      for (DeferredLoad deferredLoad : deferredLoads) {
        deferredLoad.load();
      }
      // issue #601
      deferredLoads.clear();
      if (configuration.getLocalCacheScope() == LocalCacheScope.STATEMENT) {
        // issue #482
        clearLocalCache();
      }
    }
    return list;
  }

关于一级缓存：

MyBatis在开启一个数据库会话时，会创建一个新的SqlSession对象，SqlSession对象中会有一个新的Executor对象，Executor对象中持有一个新的PerpetualCache对象；当会话结束时，SqlSession对象及其内部的Executor对象还有PerpetualCache对象也一并释放掉。

如果SqlSession调用了close()方法，会释放掉一级缓存PerpetualCache对象，一级缓存将不可用。

如果SqlSession调用了clearCache()，会清空PerpetualCache对象中的数据，但是该对象仍可使用。

SqlSession中执行了任何一个update操作(update()、delete()、insert()) ，都会清空PerpetualCache对象的数据，但是该对象可以继续使用。

如果开启了二级缓存看Configuration#newExecutor，将会使用CachingExecutor

public Executor newExecutor(Transaction transaction, ExecutorType executorType) {
    executorType = executorType == null ? defaultExecutorType : executorType;
    executorType = executorType == null ? ExecutorType.SIMPLE : executorType;
    Executor executor;
    if (ExecutorType.BATCH == executorType) {
      executor = new BatchExecutor(this, transaction);
    } else if (ExecutorType.REUSE == executorType) {
      executor = new ReuseExecutor(this, transaction);
    } else {
      executor = new SimpleExecutor(this, transaction);
    }
    if (cacheEnabled) {
      executor = new CachingExecutor(executor);
    }
    executor = (Executor) interceptorChain.pluginAll(executor);
    return executor;
  }

这是一个装饰器模式看下CachingExecutor#query

@Override
  public  List query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql)
      throws SQLException {
    Cache cache = ms.getCache();
    if (cache != null) {
      flushCacheIfRequired(ms);
      if (ms.isUseCache() && resultHandler == null) {
        ensureNoOutParams(ms, parameterObject, boundSql);
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        List list = (List) tcm.getObject(cache, key);
        if (list == null) {
          list = delegate. query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
          tcm.putObject(cache, key, list); // issue #578 and #116
        }
        return list;
      }
    }
    return delegate. query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
  }

二级缓存总结

MyBatis的二级缓存相对于一级缓存来说，实现了SqlSession之间缓存数据的共享，同时粒度更加的细，能够到namespace级别，通过Cache接口实现类不同的组合，对Cache的可控性也更强。
MyBatis在多表查询时，极大可能会出现脏数据，有设计上的缺陷，安全使用二级缓存的条件比较苛刻。
在分布式环境下，由于默认的MyBatis Cache实现都是基于本地的，分布式环境下必然会出现读取到脏数据，需要使用集中式缓存将MyBatis的Cache接口实现，有一定的开发成本，直接使用Redis,Memcached等分布式缓存可能成本更低，安全性也更高

mybatis的拦截器

拦截器可以拦截的对象包括

Executor (update, query, flushStatements, commit, rollback, getTransaction, close, isClosed)
ParameterHandler (getParameterObject, setParameters)
ResultSetHandler (handleResultSets, handleOutputParameters)
StatementHandler (prepare, parameterize, batch, update, query)

先来看看mybatis拦截器的接口定义

public interface Interceptor {

  Object intercept(Invocation invocation) throws Throwable;

  Object plugin(Object target);

  void setProperties(Properties properties);

}

再来看看官方的例子

@Intercepts({@Signature(
  type= Executor.class,
  method = "update",
  args = {MappedStatement.class,Object.class})})
public class ExamplePlugin implements Interceptor {
  public Object intercept(Invocation invocation) throws Throwable {
    return invocation.proceed();
  }
  public Object plugin(Object target) {
    return Plugin.wrap(target, this);
  }
  public void setProperties(Properties properties) {
  }
}

Interceptor#plugin表示什么时候会拦截

Interceptor#intercept 拦截的具体操作可以现在里面

上述4个对象在创建完成后，都会调用interceptorChain.pluginAll(statementHandler)方法去拦截

现在看下Plugin#wrap

public static Object wrap(Object target, Interceptor interceptor) {
    Map, Set> signatureMap = getSignatureMap(interceptor);
    Class<?> type = target.getClass();
    Class<?>[] interfaces = getAllInterfaces(type, signatureMap);
    if (interfaces.length > 0) {
      return Proxy.newProxyInstance(
          type.getClassLoader(),
          interfaces,
          new Plugin(target, interceptor, signatureMap));
    }
    return target;
  }

  @Override
  public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
    try {
      Set methods = signatureMap.get(method.getDeclaringClass());
      if (methods != null && methods.contains(method)) {
        return interceptor.intercept(new Invocation(target, method, args));
      }
      return method.invoke(target, args);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw ExceptionUtil.unwrapThrowable(e);
    }
  }

可以看出来最后返回的也是个代理类