语法干货ing形式

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Hi.

你们好。

Welcome to www. engvid. com.

欢迎来到www.engvid.com。

I'm Adam.

我是亚当。

Today's lesson is a bit of a grammar lesson; a specific point I'm going to look at.

今天是关于一个语法的课程，我将介绍一个重要的内容。

And this is "to" followed by an "ing" word or an "ing" verb, it looks like. Right?

就比如说，to后面跟动名词或者动词ing形式。对吗？

And for some people this is very confusing because they automatically see "to", and they think it should be followed by a verb. Okay?

对于某些人来说，这非常令人困惑，因为他们会自动看到“to”然后在后面加动词原形。 对吗？

Now, the one thing that a lot of people forget is that "to" can be a preposition, and that is what you're going to be looking at when you're looking at "to" with an "ing".

但是，很多人会忘记的一件事就是“to”可以是一个介词这就是为什么你会看到“to”后面接“ing”

But there are also some things you have to remember.

但也有一些你必须记住的事情。

You have to keep in mind that there are certain collocations.

你必须记住某些搭配。

A "collocation" is basically a set of words-a pair, or three, or four words-that just generally go together to have a particular meaning.

“搭配”基本上是一组单词 - 一对，或三个或四个单词 - 一般来说，搭配起来具有特定的意义。

Right?

对吗？

So, for example: "look forward to" - these three words generally go together, and they're going to be followed by an "ing".

因此，例如：“期待” - 这三个词一般通常都在一起，而且它们是后面用“ing”。

"I look forward to meeting you."

“我期待着见到你。”

Now, where people get confused is they see a verb, and then they see the "to", and they're automatically thinking of another verb.

然而，令人们感到困惑的是他们看到一个动词，然后他们看到了“to”，他们就自动思考另一个动词。

But, here, this "to" is not part of the infinitive.

但是，在这里，这个“to”不是不定式的一部分。

There's two uses for "to": Preposition, and the infinitive "to". Right?

“to”有两种用法：介词和不定式“to”。对吗？

Part of the infinitive verb.

不定式动词的一部分。

What you have to remember is that preposition.

你要记住的是介词。

"Admit to". . .

“承认”......

"Admit". . .

“承认”......

"The student admitted to cheating on the test."

“这名学生承认在考试中作弊。”

So: "Admitted to", what?

所以：“承认”，什么？

Remember: The preposition needs an object, and that's what you're going to be answering。

记住：介词需要一个宾语，这就是你要回答的问题。

when you answer the question: "What?"

当你回答这个问题：“什么？”

And objects in this particular case are going to be nouns or they're going to be gerunds.

在这种特殊情况下，宾语将成为名词，或者它们将成为动名词。

They can also be active participle adjectives, but I'll talk about that in a second.

他们也可以是主动的分词形容词，但我会稍后谈到这一点。

"Admit to cheating", "Object to being filmed", for example.

例如，“承认作弊”，“被拍摄的对象”。

So, somebody. . .

所以，有人......

I'm a politician and I see a camera coming, and I say: "No, sorry.

我是一名政治家，我看到有，我说：“不，对不起。

I object to being filmed.

我拒绝拍摄。

You can ask me questions, but don't film me", basically.

你可以问我问题，但是，访问过程中，不要拍我。

"Get around to" means you will do something. Okay?

“四处走动”意思是你会做点什么。知道了吗？

So: "I'll get around to handing in the proposal later today." Okay?

所以：“我今天晚些时候会提出提案。”懂了吗？

So, basically what you have to do is just remember these collocations.

所以，基本上你要做的就是记住这些搭配。

Where it gets a little bit trickier is when you have adjectives.

当你有形容词时，“to”会变得有点棘手。

But before that, "prefer" I forgot to mention.

但是在讲关于to 的用法之前，我忘了强调关于“prefer”的用法。

-"I prefer jogging to swimming."

“比起游泳，我更喜欢慢跑。”

-"Do you like jogging?"

“你喜欢慢跑吗？”

-"Well, I prefer it to swimming." Right?

“嗯，比起游泳，我更喜欢慢跑”。看见了吗？

So it doesn't have to be an "ing"; it can be "it" mentioned before, and then "to", "ing".

所以prefer后面不一定是“ing”;it可以是之前提到的“它”，然后跟“to”，“ing”。

But this is a comparative "to", preposition.

但是这是一个用于比较的介词“to”。

And, again: "to", what?

我再重复一遍，to后面加什么？

"To" the noun or gerund.

“to”后面加名词或者动名词。

So, this is a gerund.

所以，这是一个动名词。

It's not a verb, and that's why you can. . . It can follow "to".

这不是动词，这就是为什么你可以。。。“meeting”可以跟在“to”的后面。

Now, let's look at a little. . . Something a little bit trickier, and I'll show you a general rule on how you can recognize whether to use "to" as a preposition or a verb.

好的，让我们来看一些。。。有点棘手的东西，我会向你展示一个关于如何识别使用“to”作为介词或动词的一般规则。

Now we're going to look at something a little bit different. Okay?

现在我们要看一些有点不同的东西。好吗？

We're going to look at adjective participles.

我们将看看分词做形容词的语法。

Now, "participles" are basically verbs that are used as adjectives.

现在，“分词”基本上是用作形容词的动词。

They can be, like, "ed" or irregular verb, and they can be "ing" verbs; passive and active - that's, you know, a different lesson on participles.

它们可以是“ed”或不规则动词，它们可以是“动词”; 被动和主动那就是你所知道的关于分词的不同课程。

But you have to also pay attention to how they're being used in the sentence.

但是你还必须注意它们在句子中的使用方式。

Let's look at an example: "The company is committed to providing top-quality customer care.

让我们看一个例子：“该公司致力于提供最优质的客户服务。

So, here, we have a verb: "commit", and we have: "is committed to".

所以，在这里，我们有一个动词：“commit”，我们有：“致力于”。

But, here, we're not actually looking at it as a passive verb; we're looking at it as more like an adjective.

但是，在这里，我们实际上并没有将其视为被动动词; 我们认为它更像是一个形容词。

"The company is committed", right?

“公司承诺”，对吧？

So, this is telling you about the company.

所以，这告诉你关于公司的事情。

It's like a subject complement; it's acting like an adjective.

它就像一个主语补足语; 但表现得像一个形容词。

And, here, this is a complement.

而且，在这里，这是一个补充。

So, basically what does this mean?

那么，这大概是什么意思呢？

You have to look and see: What is your independent clause first? Right?

你必须先看看：你的独立条款首先是什么？懂了吗？

And you should know independent clauses by now; and if you don't, I have a video on that as well.

你现在应该知道独立的条款的内容; 如果你不知道，我这有一个视频来让你了解。

So, here: "The company is committed".

所以，在这里：“公司承诺”。

This is a complete sentence: "The company is committed."

这是一句完整的句子：“公司承诺。”

To what?

“to”后面加什么呢？

I don't know yet.

我至今不知道。

But it's a complete sentence because I have my subject, I have my verb, and technically the idea is there: they're committed, but it's not complete.

但这是一个完整的句子，因为这句话有主语，有动词，语法上这个想法就在那里：他们承诺，但并不完整。

So I want to add a complement.

所以我想加一个补语。

When I'm adding a complement, then I'm adding: to providing To. . .

当我加补语时，我加补语：“提供。。。”

Committed to what?

承诺什么？

". . . providing top-quality customer care".

“......提供最优质的客户服务”。

So, this is. . .

所以，这是。。。

I'm adding a prepositional phrase as a complement to my independent clause.

我正在添加一个介词短语作为我的独立条款的补充。

I don't need it in terms of grammar; I need it in terms of idea - to have a complete idea.

我在语法方面不需要它; 我需要它的理由 - 是为了使句子完整。

But the main thing you need to remember is that these two often go together.

但你需要记住的主要是这两个经常在一起。

When you're using "committed" as an adjective, like a participle, you're going to use: "committed to". Okay?

当你使用“committed”作为形容词时，就像分词一样，你必须搭配使用：“committed to”。好吗？

"Devoted to", "obliged to".

例如“devoted to,obliged to”常常搭配一起使用。

These are things that need to be completed, but it's not an object. Okay?

这些是需要补充的事情，但它不是一个宾语。明白了吗？

"I am not used to being interviewed."

“我不习惯接受采访。”

Now, here: "I am not used" - this is not a complete idea and it's not a complete sentence because of the "used".

现在，在这里：“我没有被使用” - 这不是一个完整的想法，因为“使用过”而不是一个完整的句子。

Although, technically, this is still an adjective participle; it's being used like an adjective.

虽然从语法上讲，这仍然是一个形容词分词; 它被用作形容词。

But: "used to" and "accustomed to", even though they're not really complete, we use these as collocations, and they're always going to be. . .

但是：“used to”和“accustomed to”，即使它们并不完整，我们也会使用它们作为搭配，它们总是会......

Need to be completed.

需要补充。

To what?

To 后面接什么？

"To being".

接being。

"Used to being", "used to doing".

Used后面接being,接动名词。

Now, keep in mind this is. . .

那么，请记住这是..

We're talking about habit; not "used to", like something I did in the past that I don't do now.

我们在谈论习惯; 不是“过去常常”，就像我过去做过的一些我现在不做的事情。

It's "used to" as in habit; something you've become comfortable with.

把used to 作为一种你觉得舒服的习惯。

"Accustomed to" basically means the same as "used to".

基本上，“accustomed to”与“used to”的用法相同。

Habit; used to. "In some cultures, people are accustomed", to what? ". . . taking their shoes off".

习惯；过去常常。“在某些文化中，人们习以为常”，到底是什么？ “......脱掉鞋子”。

So, here, "being" is the object to "to"; "taking" is the object to "to" because I need to complete the meaning of the preposition.

所以，在这里，“being”是“to”的宾语; “taking”是“to”的宾语，因为我需要补充完整介词的含义。

Prepositions take objects. Okay?

介词需要宾语。懂了吗？

"The neighbourhood was pided into". . .

“邻居被分为”......

Now, I gave you another example with "into" just to make sure to drive home the idea that these are prepositions; they're not infinitive particles, basically. "The neighbourhood was pided into warring factions."

现在，我给用“into”再举一个例子，确保你们真正理解我所说的这些是介词; 基本上，它们不是不定式。。“这个社区被分成了交战派系。”

Now, everybody knows war.

虽然，每个人都知道战争。

But, here, "warring" is now an adjective.

但是，在这里，“交战”现在是一个形容词。

It's a participle adjective; an active participle adjective.

这是一个分词形容词; 一个主动的分词形容词。

And this is the noun. "into" still needs an object; there's the object.

这是名词。“into”仍然需要一个宾语; 这是一个宾语。

There's the adjective, and there's the noun as the preposition.

有形容词，有名词作为介词的宾语。

Now, just to. . .

现在，只是......

Again, I just want to make sure that it's clear that we're using prepositions.

同样，我只是想确保我们使用介词是准确的。

"Interested" - although technically it is a verb, it is being used as an adjective.

“interested” - 虽然从语法上说它是一个动词，但它被用作形容词。

"Concerned" is a verb being used as an adjective.

“concerned”是用作形容词的动词。

They take different prepositions, but the idea is all the same.

他们采取不同的介词，但这个用法是完全相同的。

"I'm interested in doing something.", "I'm concerned about giving away all my secrets.", etc.

“我有兴趣做点什么。”，“我担心放弃我所有的秘密。”等等。

On the other hand: "I need". . .

另一方面：“我需要”......

This is a complete sentence, but "need" is a transitive verb - means it must take an object.

这是一个完整的句子，但“need”是一个及物动词 - 意味着它后面必须接一个宾语。

"I need something."

“我需要什么。”

In this case, "to do", I use the infinitive verb because infinitive verbs can act as objects to a transitive verb.

在这种情况下，“to do”，我使用不定式动词，因为不定式动词可以作为及物动词的宾语。

Prepositional phrases are generally used as complements; not objects.

介词短语通常用作补语; 不用作宾语。

They're used as complements to an independent clause.

它们被用作独立条款的补充。

Okay?

懂了吗？

Now, all of this, of course, depends on your understanding of: "What is an independent clause?

因此，所有这一切自然取决于你对以下方面的理解：“什么是独立条款？

And what is a phrase?

什么是短语？

And what is a complement?"

还有什么是补语？

Okay?

知道了吗？

Make sure you understand all of these, because then this will all become much easier.

确保你理解所有我讲解的知识，因为理解这些内容会运用得更容易。

But the point here: You can follow "to" with an "ing"; just remember that the "ing" is not a verb.

但重点在于：你可以用“ing”跟随“to”; 只要记得“ing”不是动词。

Okay?

知道了吗？

It is a gerund or it is a. . .

这是一个动名词还是......

In some cases, it can be an adjective.

在某些情况下，它可以是一个形容词。

That's the key to remember here. Okay?

那是理解这个知识的关键。懂了吗？

If you have any questions about this, please go to www. engvid. com and ask me in the comment section.

如果您对此有任何疑问，请访问www.engvid.com并在评论部分询问我。

There's a quiz there that you can take and make sure you understand all the ideas, here, and make sure you know how to use "to" with an "ing".

那里有一个测验，你可以采取并确保你理解上课所学的知识。并确保你知道如何使用“to”与“ing”。

And, of course, if you like the video, please subscribe to my YouTube channel and come back for more different varying degrees of grammar lessons for all English-learning levels. Okay?

当然，如果您喜欢该视频，请订阅我的YouTube频道并查看为所有英语学习水平的学者提供更多不同程度的语法课程。好吗？

So, I'll see you again then.

那么，我将会再见到你们。

Bye.

再见。