1.type():获取变量的数据类型,一般用于基本数据类型
>>> type(123)==type(456)
True
>>> type(123)==int
True
>>> type('abc')==type('123')
True
>>> type('abc')==str
True
>>> type('abc')==type(123)
False
2.isinstance():对于class的继承关系来说,使用type()就很不方便。我们要判断class的类型,可以使用isinstance()函数
如果继承关系是:
object -> Animal -> Dog -> Husky
创建对象:
>>> a = Animal()
>>> d = Dog()
>>> h = Husky()
使用isinstance判读:
>>> isinstance(h, Dog)
True
>>> isinstance(h, Animal)
True
能用type()判断的基本类型也可以用isinstance()判断:
>>> isinstance('a', str)
True
>>> isinstance(123, int)
True
>>> isinstance(b'a', bytes)
True
3.dir():获得一个对象的所有属性和方法,它返回一个包含字符串的list
如:
dir(11)
['__abs__', '__add__', '__and__', '__class__', '__cmp__', '__coerce__', '__delattr__', '__p__', '__pmod__', '__doc__', '__float__', '__floorp__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__getnewargs__', '__hash__', '__hex__', '__index__', '__init__', '__int__', '__invert__', '__long__', '__lshift__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__neg__', '__new__', '__nonzero__', '__oct__', '__or__', '__pos__', '__pow__', '__radd__', '__rand__', '__rp__', '__rpmod__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rfloorp__', '__rlshift__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__ror__', '__rpow__', '__rrshift__', '__rshift__', '__rsub__', '__rtruep__', '__rxor__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__sub__', '__subclasshook__', '__truep__', '__trunc__', '__xor__', 'bit_length', 'conjugate', 'denominator', 'imag', 'numerator', 'real']
页面更新:2024-04-02
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