家人们谁懂啊！马术运动真的超酷的

2023首届中国杭州（桐庐）国际马术公开赛 图源：杭州亚运会官网

马术 图源：新华网

公元前2800年左右，马术在一幅东方绘画中浮现。这幅画成为展现其存在的首个历史证据，镌刻着时间的印记，向我们揭开了马术的神秘面纱。同时，也有一些科学家认为，马术的起源可以追溯到更早的时期，大约在公元前3500年。

The first historical evidence of the art of riding comes from a drawing from the Orient and dates from around 2800 BC. Some scientists put the beginnings of the equestrian sport even earlier, around 3500 BC.

In the Middle Ages, equestrian sports were used almost exclusively for warfare and the horses were used as a means of transport. This historical period saw the emergence of armored horse riding. In this epoch, entertainment through horsemanship was reserved for the nobility, who could enjoy themselves in the course of knightly tournaments. Slowly, the use of horses as a means of traction and load in agriculture also became more widespread in the Middle Ages.

中世纪骑士 图源：第一赛马网

19世纪末，英国贵族们开始沉醉于技术含量更高的马术盛宴。马术舞步和障碍赛跳马成为上层社会的新宠。首次马术比赛由爱尔兰皇家学会组织。而德国也在1895年开始引入马术作为一项锦标赛运动，将这场盛宴推向了更高潮。

Towards the end of the 19th century, the trend towards dressage and show jumping started in Great Britain, where the nobility preferred to entertain themselves with fox hunts and horse races. Equestrian competitions were first organized by the Royal Dublin Society. In Germany, too, riding was introduced as a tournament sport as of 1895.

In 1912, equestrian became an Olympic discipline again, first in the disciplines of hunting, dressage and military riding, later under the term eventing.

中国马术选手 华天 图源：新华网

盛装舞步是在平地上进行的马背上的芭蕾。盛装舞步是马匹训练的最高表现形式，被认为是马术运动中最具艺术性的一项，其历史可以追溯到古希腊。马必须进行步行、小跑和慢跑，所有测试均凭记忆进行，并遵循规定的动作模式。唯一的例外是自由式，它为每匹马专门编排，并随着音乐进行表演。

Dressage, the highest expression of horse training, is considered the most artistic of the equestrian sports and can be traced as far back as ancient Greece. The horse has to perform at a walk, trot and canter, and all tests are ridden from memory and follow a prescribed pattern of movements. The only exception is the Freestyle which is specially choreographed for each horse and is performed to music.

三项赛是马术运动中的铁人三项赛，它在一个比赛中结合了三个不同的项目，根据场地的长度和参赛的人数可以设在一天、两天或三天来完成。三项赛的三个项目中，盛装舞步源于展示马在列队表演中的表现力，优雅和顺从是关键。越野赛用来测试耐力和征服险要地形的勇敢度。场地障碍赛是来证明马在艰苦的越野赛后还能继续保持稳健和良好的体能状况。

Eventing is a formidable combination of Cross Country, Jumping and Dressage. Eventing is often known as the Triathlon of the equestrian world. It is a truly complete sport that tests both the horse and rider in all aspects of horsemanship.

三项赛 图源：新华网

场地障碍赛是勇气、控制力和技术能力的完美结合，其场地通常设有10到13个障碍，最多可以达到上百名参赛者同场竞技。跳跃的障碍最高可超过两米，带水的障碍可达4.5米宽，而两米宽的平行杠通常只有3%的参赛马可以无错地完成。赛事就障碍的高度、类型、摆放的位置和角度等设计出不同难度的场地。

Jumping is a spectacular mix of courage, control and technical ability that takes horse and rider over 10 to 13 “knockable” obstacles, some of which may be double or treble combinations, with penalties incurred for each obstacle knocked down or refused.

障碍赛 图源：搜狐体育

桐庐马术中心 图源：杭州亚运会官网

从高空俯瞰，主场馆呈现一个大大的“马”字，其总建筑面积约为5.4万平方米，包括100米×120米主赛场、5000平方米室内训练场、3000余座观众席位、240个高标准马厩，近5000米越野赛道等，还有马童宿舍、马诊所、饲料仓库和蹄铁工厂等相关功能区。值得注意的是，桐庐马术中心是中国第一个被指定为“无疫区”的此类场所。

Major facilities include indoor and outdoor practice fields, stables, and the main field, totaling 54,000 square meters of land. The seating area has a capacity of around 3,000 people. The Tonglu Equestrian Center is the first venue of its kind in China to be designated a "disease-free zone," granting it official approval for use in the Chinese mainland.

桐庐马术中心的比赛场地和训练场地铺设的是国际流行的混合纤维砂马术专用场地材料，由石英砂、织物和纤维按照比例混合而成，里面不添加凝胶和石蜡，是目前国际马术训练和竞赛场地的顶级材料，可有效保护马匹的肌肉和骨骼，并有效减少马匹奔跑过程中尘土飞扬的情况。

Hidden gems in the venue include top-tier fiber sand on the ground that will limit dust as the horses show off their moves.

桐庐马术中心铺设材料 图源：杭州亚运会官网

记者：苑庆攀 马振寰 祁潇 张家碧

实习生：解迎菲 高雨宁

参考来源：新华网 杭州2022年第19届亚运会官网 国际马术联合会官网 马术杂志 CGTN等