毛光烈：开源开放工业互联网产业创新生态新型组织体系的发展逻辑

我国工业互联网产业创新生态体系发展的探索已经数年，有成绩、有进步、有经验，当然亦有遗憾、有教训。构建开源开放的工业互联网产业创新生态体系是我们共同的目标追求，“产业创新生态体系”其实就是一个“产业创新的新型组织体系”。要实现“创建产业创新的新型组织体系”这个目标，就一定要遵循其发展规律，或者说要遵循其内在的发展逻辑，才能少走弯路、事半功倍。那么，开源开放工业互联网产业创新生态的新型组织体系的构建需要遵循哪些内在发展逻辑呢？

The development of Chinese industrial Internet industry innovation ecological system has been explored for several years, with achievements, progress, experience, of course also regret and lessons. It is our common goal to build an open source and open industrial Internet industrial innovation ecosystem. "Industrial innovation ecosystem" is actually a "new organizational system of industrial innovation". To achieve the goal of "creating a new organizational system for industrial innovation", we must follow its development law or its internal development logic, so as to avoid detours and get twice the result with half the effort. So, what internal development logic should be followed in the construction of a new organizational system of open source and open industrial Internet industrial innovation ecology?

一、产业创新生态的新型组织体系的建设要遵循其商业逻辑与实践逻辑

产业创新生态的新型组织体系的建设是在一定的客观环境下进行的。这个“客观环境”其实就是市场经济。俗话说：天下熙熙，皆为利来；天下攘攘，皆为利往。因此，工业互联网产业创新生态的新型组织体系就是在社会主义市场环境中、运用市场机制的作用、组成创新的新型组织群体，亦可以说是为了降低创新成本、提高系统创新效率、共享创新利益而组建的。在产学研用金智库等诸多参与产业创新生态组织的主体中，根据与工业互联网平台合作中可获得的利益的多少与时间长短，可以分成高强度利益关系的客户主体、较强利益关系的客户主体、弱利益关系的客户主体，对应形成像在特战队中可以生死相依永久合作的战友关系、可以放心依靠长期合作的盟友关系、可以争取发展成有条件合作的朋友关系等不同层级的合作创新伙伴关系。

The construction of new organizational system of industrial innovation ecology is carried out under certain objective environment. This "objective environment" is actually a market economy. The world is bustling, all for profit. Therefore, the new organizational system of the industrial innovation ecology of the industrial Internet is to form innovative new organizational groups in the socialist market environment, using the role of the market mechanism. It can also be said that in order to reduce the cost of innovation, improve the efficiency of systematic innovation, and share the benefits of innovation. Among the subjects participating in industrial innovation ecological organizations, such as the industry-University-Research Fund Think Tank, they can be pided into customer subjects with high interest relationship, customer subjects with strong interest relationship and customer subjects with weak interest relationship according to the amount and length of benefits obtained from cooperation with industrial Internet platforms. Corresponding to the formation of different levels of cooperation and innovation partnership, such as the comrades-in-arms relationship that can depend on life and death for permanent cooperation in special forces, the alliance relationship that can rely on long-term cooperation, and the friendship relationship that can be developed into conditional cooperation.

其中，与工业云平台服务商之间存在高强度利益关系的客户、可形成战友型的合作创新伙伴的是工业中小企业的数智工厂（即数字化网络化智能化工厂）；有较强利益关系的客户、可形成长期合作创新盟友的是工业企业设备供应商、数智工程承包商及产品经销商；有弱利益关系的客户、可形成有条件合作创新朋友的是社会自由职业类的工业应用软件开发者。由于与工业互联网平台的利益关系不同及合作时间的长短不同，决定了上述战友类的合作创新伙伴、盟友类的合作创新伙伴、朋友类的合作创新伙伴与工业互联网平台的合作态度是有所不同的、他们参与产业创新生态在自身动力上亦会是有所不同的。

Among them, the customers that have a strong interest relationship with the service providers of industrial cloud platform and can form comrades-in-arms cooperation and innovation partners are the digital intelligence factories of small and medium-sized industrial enterprises (namely, digital networked intelligent factories); The customers who have strong interest relationship and can form long-term cooperation and innovation Allies are industrial enterprise equipment suppliers, Suzhi engineering contractors and product distributors; The clients who have weak interest relationship and can form conditional cooperative innovation friends are the industrial application software developers who are social freelancers. Due to the different interest relationship with industrial Internet platforms and the different length of cooperation time, the above-mentioned cooperative innovation partners of comrades, Allies and friends have different cooperation attitudes with industrial Internet platforms, and their participation in industrial innovation ecology will also be different in terms of their own motivation.

研究工业互联网产业创新生态建设中蕴涵的商业逻辑是遵循市场经济规律的客观要求。值得注意的是，关于工业数字化转型、智能制造的发展，结合经济合理性的研究，结合社会主义市场经济规律、市场经济内在动力相结合的研究，现在还是比较少的，这是以后应该加强的。因此，在产业创新生态的组织建设中必须清晰了解不同参与者的诉求差别及蕴涵其中的商业逻辑。比如工业中小企业的数智工厂，他们与工业互联网平台之间的利益关系是捆绑式的，是忠诚度特高的合作创新伙伴，具有可长期合作、荣辱与共“战友”的特点。他们必定会鼓励本企业内的有关人员积极参与工厂低代码应用软件、工业数据集（工业APP）的二次开发、迭代开发，甚至参与制造产线（单元、设备）的工控系统软件开发，成为产业创新生态的建设者、应用者与贡献者。工业互联网平台企业应该与高强度利益关系客户及较强利益关系客户建设“联合创新军团”，共建产业创新生态。

It is an objective requirement to follow the law of market economy to study the commercial logic contained in the ecological construction of industrial innovation in the industrial Internet. It is worth noting that there are still relatively few researches on the industrial digital transformation and the development of intelligent manufacturing combined with economic rationality, the laws of socialist market economy and the internal dynamics of market economy, which should be strengthened in the future. Therefore, in the organizational construction of industrial innovation ecology, it is necessary to clearly understand the different demands of different participants and the commercial logic contained therein. For example, the digital intelligence factories of industrial small and medium-sized enterprises, the interest relationship between them and the industrial Internet platform is bound, and they are cooperation and innovation partners with high loyalty, with the characteristics of long-term cooperation, sharing weal and woe "comrade in arms". They will definitely encourage relevant personnel in the enterprise to actively participate in the secondary development and iterative development of low-code application software and industrial data set (industrial APP) in the factory, and even participate in the development of industrial control system software of the manufacturing production line (unit and equipment), so as to become the builder, user and contributor of industrial innovation ecology. Industrial Internet platform enterprises should build a "joint innovation corps" with high-intensity and strong interest relationship customers to build an industrial innovation ecology.

根据工业互联网产业创新生态新型组织建设的商业逻辑，工业互联网平台企业在产业创新生态发展中应努力依次做好以下三方面的工作：

According to the commercial logic of the construction of the new organization of industrial Internet innovation ecology, the industrial Internet platform enterprises should make efforts to do the following three aspects in the development of industrial innovation ecology:

一是帮助中小企业工厂数智化转型、以建设强利益捆绑关系作为基础。这是工业互联网“姓工”的内在要求，亦是数字经济要与实体经济融合发展的内在逻辑，更是发展产业创新生态、培育好创新的骨干团队的要求。

First, to help the intelligent transformation of the number of factories of small and medium-sized enterprises, and to build a strong interest bundling relationship as the basis. This is the internal requirement of industrial Internet "surname workers", is also the internal logic of the integration of digital economy and real economy development, but also the development of industrial innovation ecology, the cultivation of innovation backbone team requirements.

二是围绕数智工厂创建“小快轻准”产品（工业数据集）系统服务新模式，在平台企业、工业数字工程企业、数智工厂等企业中组建联合创新、合作创新的长期合作团队。

Second, create a new system service model of "small, fast and light" products (industrial data set) around digital wisdom factory, and establish long-term cooperation teams of joint innovation and cooperative innovation in platform enterprises, industrial digital engineering enterprises, digital wisdom factory and other enterprises.

三是以与工业互联网平台企业的利益关系与商业逻辑为依据，创建“凭创新贡献分享利益”的激励机制。在上述工作的基础上，进一步实施共建新型联合创新军团的计划，不断做大做强产业创新生态组织体系。

Third, based on the interest relationship and business logic with industrial Internet platform enterprises, the incentive mechanism of "sharing benefits by innovative contribution" is created. On the basis of the above work, we will further implement the plan of building a new type of joint innovation corps, and constantly expand and strengthen the industrial innovation ecological organization system.

另外，在注重产业创新生态新型组织建设蕴涵的商业逻辑的同时，还要注重产业创新生态发展的实践逻辑。有竞争力的工业互联网的产业创新生态组织，必须经过市场竞争的锤炼、生与死的考验，大浪淘沙、不断优化才能形成的；那种“为一时之利相聚、为一时之利就散伙”的投机性的合作创新伙伴，是不能依赖的，是不可能依赖他们去发展产业创新生态体系的。这就是建设高质量的产业生态组织的实践逻辑。（华东CIO大会、华东CIO联盟、CDLC中国数字化灯塔大会、CXO数字化研学之旅、数字化江湖-讲武堂，数字化江湖-大侠传、数字化江湖-论剑、CXO系列管理论坛（陆家嘴CXO管理论坛、宁波东钱湖CXO管理论坛等）、数字化转型网，走进灯塔工厂系列、ECIO大会等）

In addition, we should pay attention to the practical logic of industrial innovation ecological development while paying attention to the commercial logic contained in the construction of new organization of industrial innovation ecology. The competitive industrial innovation ecological organization of the industrial Internet must be tempered by market competition, the test of life and death, and can only be formed by continuous optimization. Speculative partners of cooperation and innovation who "get together for the sake of the moment and break up for the sake of the moment" cannot be relied upon to develop an industrial innovation ecosystem. This is the practical logic of constructing high quality industrial ecological organization.

二、产业生态组织的成长要遵循“在服务中发展、在竞争中壮大”的内在逻辑

一个人的成长要遵循幼年、少年、青少年、成年的逐年龄段成长规律，工业互联网产业生态体系的成长亦是同样的，要遵循其成长的内在逻辑，不切实际、超越阶段、揠苗助长的事干不得。

The growth of a person should follow the law of childhood, juvenile, adolescent and adult growth by age, and the growth of the industrial Internet industrial ecosystem is the same. It should follow its internal logic of growth. Unrealistic, over-stage and over-eager things should not be done.

工业互联网产业创新生态组织体系的发展，还要确立“在服务中构成合作、在合作创新中成长、在竞争中壮大”的思路。具体实施举措：

The development of industrial Internet industrial innovation ecological organization system needs to establish the idea of "forming cooperation in service, growing in cooperative innovation and growing in competition". Specific implementation measures:

一是要走数字技术与行业制造技术、人工智能技术与行业管理经验及知识深度融合的发展之路。深度融合不是浅度融合，更不是碎片化的融合。深度融合的要求是穿透性高、粘合性强的融合，全面性融合与系统性融合。

First, digital technology and industrial manufacturing technology, artificial intelligence technology and industrial management experience and knowledge should be deeply integrated. Deep fusion is not shallow fusion, still less fragmented fusion. The requirement of deep integration is the integration of high penetration, strong adhesion, comprehensive integration and systematic integration.

二是工业互联网平台要走“人无我有、人有我全、人全我好、人好我特”优势竞争的发展之路。现在，工厂设备互联、数据互通的工程分包商多、要价高、创利少，平台服务商“碎片化”服务多、解决问题少、服务效益不理想，很难适应工业企业的需求。因此，谁能提供“工厂设备互联、数据互通的工程牵头总包模式”，谁能提供“行业云平台+‘小快轻准产品’系统服务的新模式”，谁能提供“标准合同（工程或服务的）+附件（N+X清单）”的新权益保障模式，谁就能在激烈的市场竞争中胜出，谁才有可能在工业互联网平台的服务中组成产业创新生态组织。

Second, the industrial Internet platform should take the competitive development road of "no one has, everyone has their own, everyone is good, everyone is good". At present, there are many subcontractors for factory equipment interconnection and data interconnection, with high prices and little profits. Platform service providers offer more "fragmented" services, solve few problems and have unsatisfactory service benefits, which is difficult to meet the needs of industrial enterprises. Therefore, whoever can provide "factory equipment interconnection, data interworking project leading general contract mode", who can provide "industry cloud platform +" small, fast and light products "system service new mode", who can provide "standard contract (project or service) + accessories (N+X list)" new rights and interests protection mode, who can win in the fierce market competition, Who is likely to form an industrial innovation ecological organization in the service of the industrial Internet platform.

三是行业云服务平台要在做大客户群体规模基础上，走好做大做强产业创新生态组织之路。因此，积极推动“铺天盖地”中小企业向数智工厂转型，积极做大工业互联网平台的客户规模，继而做大做优产业创新生态的新型组织，这是工业行业互联网平台在构建创新生态体系中应该遵循的内在逻辑，亦是做强做大行业云平台的努力方向。因此，坚持从分行业做起、从培植具有自己特色与竞争优势的服务做起、从“共建细分行业的产业创新生态组织”做起，这才是符合产业创新生态组织逐步成长、积累性成长、由弱到强的成长逻辑的。（华东CIO大会、华东CIO联盟、CDLC中国数字化灯塔大会、CXO数字化研学之旅、数字化江湖-讲武堂，数字化江湖-大侠传、数字化江湖-论剑、CXO系列管理论坛（陆家嘴CXO管理论坛、宁波东钱湖CXO管理论坛等）、数字化转型网，走进灯塔工厂系列、ECIO大会等）

Third, the industry cloud service platform should take the road of expanding and strengthening the ecological organization of industrial innovation on the basis of expanding the scale of customer groups. Therefore, we should actively promote the transformation of "overwhelming" small and medium-sized enterprises to digital intelligence factories, actively expand the customer scale of industrial Internet platform, and then expand and improve the new organization of industrial innovation ecology. This is the internal logic that industrial Internet platform should follow in the construction of innovation ecosystem, and also the direction of efforts to strengthen and expand industrial cloud platform. Therefore, it is in line with the growth logic of the industrial innovation ecological organization that the industry innovation ecological organization grows gradually, accumulatively and from weak to strong by insisting on starting from the sub-industry, cultivating the service with its own characteristics and competitive advantages, and starting from "building the industrial innovation ecological organization of subindustry".

三、产业创新生态组织的建设与运作要遵循统一技术标准与统一治理的内在逻辑

要在统一技术标准的基础上构建产业创新生态组织。缺乏统一技术标准与统一技术治理体系与体制，就构建不了开源开放的工业互联网共同的产业创新生态组织，这已经被无数的实践所证明。统一的技术标准，是实现设备互联、数据互通、数据共享的基础，亦是实现统一数据采集、清洗、归类、智能存储、便利调用等数据治理的内在要求，是建设适用性强、持续服务水平高的数据中台或数据底座的前提条件，是通过“数据主题联接”生成“小快轻准”工业应用数据集的前提条件，是建成工业云平台驱动工厂生产经营数据体系、并实现全面协同运营的保证，更是构建工业互联网产业创新生态组织的基础。我们要充分认识、正确理解、全面把握、积极用好这个蕴涵在其中的内在逻辑，在统一技术标准的基础上来推动工业互联网产业创新生态组织的建设与发展工作。

Industrial innovation ecological organization should be established on the basis of unified technical standards. Without unified technical standards and unified technical governance system and system, it is impossible to build open source and open industrial Internet common industrial innovation ecological organization, which has been proved by countless practices. Unified technical standards are the basis for realizing device interconnection, data interworking and data sharing, as well as the internal requirements for realizing unified data collection, cleaning, classification, intelligent storage and convenient call, etc., and the prerequisite for building a data center or data base with strong applicability and high continuous service level. It is the prerequisite for generating "small, fast and light" industrial application data set through "data subject connection", the guarantee for building industrial cloud platform to drive factory production and operation data system and realizing comprehensive collaborative operation, and the foundation for building industrial Internet industrial innovation ecological organization. We should fully recognize, correctly understand, fully grasp and actively use the inherent logic contained in it, and promote the construction and development of industrial Internet innovation ecological organization on the basis of unified technical standards.

产业创新生态组织建设要以健康可靠运营的数智工厂为基础。健康可靠运营的数智工厂又要以管理体制创新为保障。无论是从一线员工、班组、车间到工厂管理层的垂直纵向跨层级的、扁平化运作的“掌上办”与“掌上管”，还是从产品零件制造线、配件制造线、部件组装线、产品组装线等承担不同任务的制造车间之间为实现产品齐套协同生产进行的“在线办”与“在线管”，以及针对工厂“人财物、产供销、进销存、水电气”跨各个管理科室为横向协同服务目的进行的“在线办”与“在线管”，如果缺乏管理制度创新为前提的工厂治理体系与体制的保障，数智工厂组织就可能随时会散架、会垮塌，进而影响到产业创新生态的组织建设。

The construction of industrial innovation ecological organization should be based on the healthy and reliable operation of digital wisdom factory. The healthy and reliable operation of digital intelligence factory should be guaranteed by the innovation of management system. Whether from the front line staff, team, workshop to the factory management vertical and vertical cross-level, flat operation of the "palm office" and "palm pipe", or from the product parts manufacturing line, accessories manufacturing line, component assembly line, product assembly line and other manufacturing workshops to undertake different tasks in order to achieve the product set collaborative production of "online office" and "online pipe", As well as the "online office" and "online management" for the purpose of horizontal collaborative service of "people and property, production, supply and marketing, purchase, sales and storage, water and electricity" across various management departments of the factory. If the lack of management system innovation as the premise of the factory governance system and institutional guarantee, the number of wisdom factory organization may fall apart at any time, will collapse, thus affecting the organizational construction of industrial innovation ecology.

产业创新生态组织运作的内在动力来自于激励与约束体制及治理体制的创新。工业互联网产业创新生态是由产学研用金智库等多主体构成的产业创新生态型组织。在这样结构复杂、利益诉求各异、运营逻辑不一的成千上万甚至数以百万计千万计的主体构成的创新型生态组织中，如果没有统一的治理体系与体制，他们首先就会成为一盘散沙，就不可能真正形成一个统一运作的产业创新生态组织的有机整体；同时，如果没有统一的治理体系与体制，就不能构建“凭贡献分享利益、依据规定处罚违规行为”的激励体制与约束机制，产业创新生态体系的组织运作就会缺乏内在的动力，就不可能进行健康、正常的运作。

The internal power of the operation of industrial innovation ecological organization comes from the innovation of incentive and constraint system and governance system. Industrial Internet industrial innovation ecology is an industrial innovation ecological organization composed of many subjects such as industrial, academic and research gold think tank. In such innovative ecological organizations consisting of thousands or even millions of subjects with complex structures, different interest demands, and different operation logic, if there is no unified governance system and system, they will first become scattered, and it is impossible to truly form an organic whole of unified operation of industrial innovation ecological organizations. At the same time, if there is no unified governance system and system, the incentive system and constraint mechanism of "sharing benefits based on contributions and punishing violations according to regulations" cannot be built, and the organizational operation of the industrial innovation ecosystem will lack inherent motivation, and it will be impossible to carry out healthy and normal operation.

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