暑假预习：现在完成时讲解+练习，可打印附答案

一、现在完成时的基本结构

肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他

否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他

一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）

1.现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。

I have already posted the photo.

我已经邮寄出了照片。

与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语，如already（肯定句句中）, yet（否定句/疑问句句尾）, just, before, recently,still, lately,never等。

2.现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻，持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。

He has lived here since 1978.

自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。

(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)

此种用法常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。谓语动词必须是延续性动词。

有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词：

go out----be out 　　

finish----be over 　　

open----be open 　　

die----be dead 　　

buy---have 　　

fall ill---be ill 　　

come back----be back 　　

catch a cold----have a cold

二、现在完成时的常见用法

对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。

三、比较一般现在时和现在完成时的异同

1.共同点：动作都是在过去完成。

I saw the film yesterday evening.

I have seen the film before.

（看电影这件事都是在过去完成的。）

2.区别

①现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果，而一般过去时与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。

②一般过去时通常与具体明确的过去时间状语连用。如yesterday, last week , two years ago，just now，in 2002 等；而现在完成时则常与 just ,already ,ever ,never 等模糊的过去时间状语和 these days ,this week ,since..., for... 等表示一段时间的状语连用。

四、过去分词的规则变化

动词过去分词的规则变化与动词过去式的规则变化相同。

① 一般情况下，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。

work---worked---worked

visit---visited---visited

② 以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。

live---lived---lived

③ 以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。

study---studied---studied

cry---cried---cried

④ 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。

stop---stopped---stopped

drop---dropped--dropped

现在完成时练习

一、根据汉语意义或首字母提示，写出正确单词。

1.I haven’t heard from Sally before.

2. I’m very hungry . I haven’t eaten anything since 7:00 this morning.

3.Bob and Jim have been good friends since they joined the same tennis team.

二、用所给单词的正确形式填空

1.The writer is so popular that he (has sold) more than 200,000 books so far.

2.--- I (have had a fever) since last night.

---You’d better go to see a doctor.

3.So far, the couple (haven’t changed) their flat since they had a second child.

4.Jim has never (been) to Mount Tai in China.

5. Sandy borrowed the novel from the library last week and (has kept) it for 5 days.

6.Cathy and Linda (haven’t been) back to their hometown for two years.

7.----Can you go walking in the park with me, Daisy?

----Sure. I (have finished) my DIY project.

三、单项选择

(B)1.Melting ice (融冰) can cause sea levels to rise. Since 1993, sea levels _________at a speed of 3.2 cm every 10 years.

A. roseB. have risen C. rise

(D)2.—It s ten years since we came here

—How time flies! We ____ in China for so long.

A. work B. worked C. will work D. have worked

(D)3.---Have you ever been to Shanghai?

---Of course. Actually, I _________there for six years but now I live in Taizhou.

A. workedB. was working C. would work D. have worked

(A)4.I ate some fruit, which I ______ since I was a child, and the vegetables from my garden.

A. have enjoyed B. enjoyedC. enjoyD.had enjoyed

(B)5.---- Where is Mr. Green?

---- He ----the bookshop. You have to wait for him.

A. was going toB. has gone toC. has been to

(C)6.My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda.

A. was workingB. is working C. has worked D. will work

(A)7.---- Why won’t we play basketball with Class 4 this afternoon?

---Because they _ ____ Longzhong for a study trip.

A. have gone to B. have been to C. had gone to D. had been to

(B)8.—Your new bike is so nice! When did you buy it?

—In July. I _____it for two weeks.

A.hadB. have hadC. have boughtD. bought

(B)9. ---Where are the teachers now?

--- In the meeting room. They _________ the meeting for 10 minutes.

A. have begun B. have been on C. have had D. have been held

(A)10.---Where is Catherine? I haven t seen her for days.

---She _______Wuhan. She’ll be back next week.

A. has gone to B. has been toC. have gone toD. have been to

(C)11.I ______ abroad for several years, but I have never regretted my final decision to move back to my motherland.

A．am livingB．lived C．have lived

(B)12.---Linda has ______ to Paris. How can I get in touch with her?

---Don’t worry. She will call you as soon as she ______ there.

A. been；will get B. been；gets C. gone；will get D. gone；gets

(C)13.---Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it?

--- In October. I _____ it for two months.

A. had B. bought C. have had D. have bought

(B)14.---Look! My mother _____ a new dress for me.

----Wow, it looks very nice on you.

A.is making B.has made C.will make

(D)15.The shop in Wanda Square _____ for six years, but I _____ there so far.

A.has opened; haven’t gone B.has been open; haven’t been

C.has been open; haven’t gone D.has been opened; haven’t been

(B)16.---Have you ever _____ the Terracotta Army in Xi’an ?

----Yes. I went there last year.

A.gone to B.been toC.been in

(D)17.Our school life____a lot since 2017. We have more activities now.

A. changes B. changed C. will change D. has changed

(B)18.----What progress Huawei _____ in recent years!

----No wonder it is widely known in all parts of the world.

A.is making B.has made C. makes D. made

(B)19.---How many letters _____ you _____ to your mother?

--- 109 in all, since 2016.

A. has, written B. have, written C. did, write D. are, writing

(C)20.---_____ you ever ______ Hong Kong --Zhuhai ____Macao Bridge ?

---Not yet.

A.Did; visitB.Are; visit C.Have , visited

(A)21.---Hi, Tom! _____ you ever ____ the Bird’s Nest ?

----Yes, I have. It’s fantastic.

A.Have, been to B.Have, gone to C. Did, go to

(B)22.As an exchange student, Alan_____ Qiqihar for one and a half years.

A.has been to B.has been in C.has gone to

(C)23.---How long have you__________ your cap? It looks cool.

---About two weeks.

A. borrowedB. bought C. had

(C)24.Today, all the erhu masters play and praise Erquan Yingyue. It ____ one of China’s national treasure.

A.becomes B.became C.has become

(B)25.----How many letters _____ you _____ to your mother?

----109in all, since 2016

A.has, writtenB.have; writtenC.did; write D.are ; writing

(D)26.His father_____the party since 1978

A.joindB.has joined C.was in D.has been in

(B)27.---- ______ you____ your homework yet ?

----Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

A. Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished

(B)28.----Is everyone here, Jonathan?

----No. Sir. Millie is absent. She ____for two days.

A.has fallen ill B. has been illC. fell ill D. was ill

(B)29.---Jenny, your new tape player looks great.

---Oh, it’s not new. I _____ it for three years.

A.buyB.have had C.bought D.have bought

四、完成句子

1.China has been able to make big planes like C919 with scientists’ great effects.

Has China been able to make big planes like C919 with scientists’ great effects?

2. 布朗(Brown) 一家人已经在上海生活10年了.

The Browns have lived in Shanghai for 10 years.

3.复仇者联盟4已经上映两个月了。

Avengers:Endgame has been on for two months.

4.他们已经采取行动挽救野生动物了吗？

Have they taken action to save wild animals yet?